汉语通过否定形式陈述句实施的拒绝  

Refusals in Chinese Language through Negative Statements

作　　者：李影 黄菁萍 LI Ying;Wari WONGWAROPAKORN(College of International Education,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhiou 550025,China;School of Liberals Art,Walailak University,Nakorn Si Thammarat 80160,Thailand)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学国际教育学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]瓦莱岚大学文学院,泰国洛坤80160

出　　处：《内江师范学院学报》2024年第3期52-59,共8页Journal of Neijiang Normal University

基　　金：2020年贵州大学文科研究青年项目“汉语拒绝中的传信表达形式研究”(GDQN2020024);2020年贵州大学引进人才(博士基金)科研项目“新媒体报道中汉语同义句式的选用倾向及语用动因研究”(贵大人基合字[2020]033号)。

摘　　要：文章以电视剧人物对话为分析语料,考察汉语通过否定形式陈述句实施拒绝的情况。通过否定形式陈述句实施的拒绝主要包括含否定成分“不”“没(有)”的情况,大致可以分为直接拒绝和间接拒绝两类,体现了不同的拒绝表达策略。含“不”的否定形式陈述句多通过否定说话人(拒绝者)的主观意愿能力实施直接拒绝,而直接说“不”的拒绝以及通过否定前提实施的间接拒绝相对较少。含“没(有)”的否定形式陈述句有不少已成为汉语表示拒绝的惯用表达式,如“没空”“没兴趣”等,通过“还没……呢”强调客观条件不允许进而表达间接拒绝的情况也较为常见。This article analyzes dialogues of characters in TV drama as linguistic data to examine the use of negative statements in Chinese language which is adopted for refusal.Refusal expressed through negative statements mainly includes cases where the negation elements bu or mei(you)are used.These refusals can be roughly categorized into direct refusals and indirect ones,and they reflect different refusal strategies.Negative statements with bu often directly refuse by negating the subjective willingness of the speaker(the refuser),while direct refusals with bu and indirect refusals through negating premises are relatively less common.Negative statements with mei(you)have become common idiomatic expressions in Chinese to express refusals,such as mei kong and mei xingqu.It is also common to express indirect refusals,by emphasizing objective requirements that are not met,through phrases like hai mei…ne.

关 键 词：否定形式陈述句 直接拒绝 间接拒绝 

分 类 号：H03[语言文字—语言学]