“圣物之灵”的消解与流转:潮汕弃置神像的生命史  

How Magical Power of Sacred Objects Disintegrate and Circulate: the Life History of Abandoned Deity Statutes in Teoswa

作　　者：陈丹 CHEN Dan

机构地区：[1]广州美术学院,广州510000

出　　处：《原生态民族文化学刊》2024年第2期141-152,156,共13页Journal of Ethnic Culture

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学“十三五”规划2020年度学科共建项目“‘物的社会生命’视域下的潮汕神像研究”(GD20XSH07);广州美术学院2021年学术提升计划“民俗物的‘社会生命史’:以潮汕神像为中心的民族志研究”(21XSB30)。

摘　　要：作为圣物的神像可能面临被弃置、更换的命运。既往对弃置神像的研究聚焦于其仪式仪轨及家庭生活中的弃像行为,缺乏对不同层面的行动者如何参与其中、“圣物之灵”如何运作的追踪。在潮汕乡村,公庙、家庭、造像师等都可能弃置、更换神像。在村落集体中,由公庙组织的神像废弃、更新仪式,促成社会秩序的重整与灵的流转;在家庭关系中,神像与祀奉者的生命历程相互纠缠,致使弃像之“灵”退而不散;在生产委托关系中,累代师传的造像师之“神性”与拥有神形神名的神像之“物性”勾连,诱导灵不请自来。因而,神像既为表征意义上的神,也是与相关行动者之身份、体验、情感、经历等缠绕的实践中的物。神像之“灵”的流动生发于表征系统与具体实践相互作用的过程。As sacred objects, deity statutes may face the fate of being discarded and replaced. Previous studies on abandoned deity statutes have focused on ritual practices and abandonment in family life. What is missing in existed research is how different actors participate and how magical power operates in these abandonment processes. In Teoswa rural society, public temple organizers, family members, and craftsmen all could be the actor to abandon and replace deity statutes. In the village community, the rituals of deity statute abandonment and renewal led by the public temple organizers contributed to the reorganization of the social order and the circulation of the magical power of the statutes. In family context, the life course of the deity statutes and the worshippers were entangled;the magical power of the abandoned statutes did not truly leave after the ritual of retreating. In the production-commission relationship, the craftsmen possessed "divinity" when he inherited generations of sacred object crafting experiences. His craftsmanship gives statues the image and names of deities. The "divinity" of the craftsmen and the "materiality" of the statues together attracted uninvited magical power coming to the statues. Therefore, deity statutes are not just symbolic representation of deities, but also objects in practice that is entangled with identities, feelings, emotion, and experiences of actors involved. The flow of the magical power of deity statutes happens in the interaction between the representational system and the actual practices.

关 键 词：物的社会生命 弃像 灵 圣物 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]