唐宋元“杂剧”名实考  

On the Name and Content of Tang,Song,and Yuan Zaju

作　　者：张志峰 Zhang Zhifeng

机构地区：[1]济南大学文学院,山东济南250022

出　　处：《艺术探索》2023年第6期102-112,共11页Arts Exploration

基　　金：2021年度国家社科基金后期资助项目“中西文化交融下的古剧生成研究”(21FZWB021);2020年度教育部人文社科青年基金项目“海内外藏晚清民国秦腔剧目叙录”(20YJCZH238);泰山学者工程专项经费资助(TSQN202306228)。

摘　　要：杂剧在唐宋元时期有不同的形态:唐杂剧亦称“杂戏”,主要分百戏和歌舞戏两类。唐参军戏虽在中晚唐时期出现歌舞、科白相融合的形态,但并没有完全从百戏中独立出来。北宋杂剧上承唐参军戏,但此时参军戏和百戏分途,二者在大宴时完全独立供盏;与南宋杂剧相较,北宋歌舞戏有杂剧之实而无杂剧之名。南宋时期,由于教坊罢省、队舞的融入,大量和曲杂剧出现,杂剧开始由科白戏向歌舞戏逐渐过渡。元杂剧则主要是在队舞基础上,融合宋杂剧、诸宫调、唱赚以及北方新型俗曲而来。Zaju varies in form throughout the Tang,Song,and Yuan dynasties.Tang zaju,also known as zaxi,is mainly divided into two categories,namely acrobatic performances and song and dance opera.Canjun drama falls closest to Song zaju,and although mid and late-Tang canjun involved singing,dancing,acting,and dialogues,it is however not completely independent from acrobatic performances.Northern Song zaju inherited the canjun dramatic form of the Tang dynasty.Canjun drama and acrobatics are separated,and they are completely independent throughout joint performances.Compared with Southern Song dramas,song and dance dramas were performed zaju-style,but under a different name.In the Southern Song dynasty,because of the suppression of the jiaofang[an institution that trained musicians and singers]and the integration of dance troupes,there appeared numerous hequ and zaju,and zaju began to gradually transit from acrobatic opera to song and dance opera.Yuan zaju is mainly based on team dance,and combined Song zaju,zhugongdiao ballads,the practice of singing to earn a living,and new northern folk music.

关 键 词：杂剧 杂戏 参军戏 队舞 院本 

分 类 号：J809.2[艺术—戏剧戏曲] I207.37[文学—中国文学]