半干旱区雨养农田绿肥作物轮作休耕技术措施研究  

An approach to green manure crop rotation fallow technigues for rainfed farmland in semi-arid areas

作　　者：赵仰徽 齐向辉 任稳江[1] 车宗贤[2] 任亮[1] ZHAO Yanghui;QI Xianghui;REN Wenjiang;CHE Zongxian;REN Liang(Agriculture Technology Popularizing Center of Huining,Huining 730799;Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Water-Saving Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science,Lanzhou730020,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省会宁县农业技术推广中心,会宁730799 [2]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,兰州730020

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2024年第1期123-132,共10页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家绿肥产业技术体系武威综合试验站(CARS-22-Z-16);甘肃省农业科技项目(GNKJ-2017-15,GNCX-2016-1)资助。

摘　　要：为探索休耕地科学合理的管护方式,以半干旱生态退化区耕地为研究对象,设置毛苕子→春油菜→箭筈豌豆(R1)、春油菜→箭筈豌豆→毛苕子(R2)、箭筈豌豆→毛苕子→春油菜(R3)3个不同绿肥作物轮作序列,及撂荒(CK1)、裸闲(CK2)共5个处理,开展3年定位试验,通过系统监测不同处理条件下农田土壤水分、养分等指标参数,明确不同处理对休耕地农田土壤质量的影响。结果表明,绿肥轮作处理可年生产绿肥干物质2257.5-3478.3kg·hm-2,其年均农田土壤水分耗散量分别较对照增加了17.69-71.36mm,但绿肥干物质还田使0-20cm土层有机质较撂荒和裸闲处理显著提高了8.87%-32.8%。R3处理一个轮作周期的绿肥总干物质还田量较R1、R2处理增加了54%、19.9%,水分总耗散量较R1、R2、CK1、CK2处理增加了62.98mm、29.14mm、140.34mm、202.78mm,水分生产效率较R1、R2处理提高了39.3%和21.4%;3年轮作结束后,0-40cm土壤容重不同处理间差异不显著,介于1.151-1.219g·cm-3之间;R3处理0-20cm土层有机质分别较R1、R2、CK1、CK2处理提高了27.5%、2.6%、44.5%、18.4%。综合来看,传统撂荒和裸闲方式耕地质量恢复较慢,合理的绿肥轮作还田可有效加快耕地质量恢复,以箭筈豌豆→毛苕子→油菜轮作还田方式效果最佳,可在半干旱生态退化区推广应用。To explore the methods of reasonable management and protection of fallow land,the cultivated land in semi-arid ecological degradation area was used as the research object,three years of field experiments were carried out,including five treatments:Vicia villosa→rape→V.sativa(R1),rape→V.sativa→V.villosa(R2),V.sativa→V.villosa→rape(R3),abandoned(control 1)and leisure(control 2),the soil moisture and nutrients in farmland under different treatment conditions were monitored systematically to clarify the impact of different tillage measures,green manure varieties,and rotation sequences on soil quality in fallow farmland.The results showed that,more than 2257.5-3478.3kg·hm~(-2)dry matter biomass was produced and returned to the soil under green manure rotation treatments,although the average annual soil moisture dissipation in farmland increased by 17.69-71.36mm compared to control,respectively,also organic matter content was increased significantly by 8.87-32.8%compared to control 1 and control 2.The total dry matter of green manure returning to soil in R3 treatment during one rotation cycle was increased by 54%and 19.9%compared to R1 and R2 treatments respectively,the total dissipation of soil moisture in farmland was 62.98mm,29.14mm,140.34mm,and 202.78mm higher than that of R1,R2,control 1,and control 2,the water production efficiency increased by 39.3%and 21.4%compared to R1 and R2 treatments.The soil bulk density of 0-40cm has no significant difference between different treatments,which was between 1.151-1.219g·cm~(-3).The organic matter content in the 0-20cm soil layer in R3 increased by 27.5%,2.6%,44.5%,and 18.4%compared to R1,R2,control 1,and control 2,respectively.On the whole,the restoration of arable land quality is slow under traditional abandonment and leisure methods,reasonable rotation of green manure crops can accelerate the restoration of farmland quality effectively,Vicia sativa→Vicia villosa→Rape is the best rotation sequence for green manure returning to field,which can be promoted

关 键 词：休耕 耕作措施 绿肥 轮作 土壤水分 理化性状 

分 类 号：S34[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]