基于温室酿热补气的棚体式发酵装置应用研究  

Research on the application of greenhouse type fermentation equipment based on greenhouse heating and air replenishment

作　　者：王嘉敏 李陈浩 胡艺馨 李建明[1] WANG Jiamin;LI Chenhao;HU Yixin;LI Jianming(College of Horticulture/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Engineering in Northwest Facilities,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院/农业农村部西北设施园艺工程重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2024年第2期242-252,共11页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系(CARS-23-C05);陕西省农业科技创新转化项目(NYKJ-2020-YL-08)。

摘　　要：[目的]为解决目前我国农业废弃物数量庞大、资源化利用率低,以及冬季寒冷地区设施蔬菜生产温度低、CO_(2)不足等问题,本文设计出一种棚体式生物质发酵装置。[方法]该装置包括发酵棚体(长6 m、宽5 m、脊高2.8 m)、强制换热装置、室内加热管道3部分。以玉米秸秆和羊粪为原料进行分层堆放发酵,探究发酵装置的酿热性能,对设施温室热环境、气体环境和生产的影响,以及经济效益。[结果]该发酵装置内堆体的温度50℃以上共计65 d,产热效率达到74.94%;与对照温室相比,温度高1.04℃以上;堆肥发酵过程中,使用气体过滤装置及CO_(2)回收系统,其全球增温潜势(GWP)指数下降96.98%;与对照温室相比,CO_(2)浓度增加2270.58 mg·m^(-3);加热区番茄的可溶性蛋白和维生素C含量分别比对照区增加24.6%和29.2%,番茄红素含量比对照区增加71.3%。生物发酵装置运行可提高单株产量5.99%。增加收入8712元。[结论]寒冷地区应用棚体式生物质酿热装置可为日光温室提供热量和作物生长所需的CO_(2),而且生产应用价值较高。[Objectives]To solve the current problems of large amount of agricultural waste,low resource utilization rate,and low temperature and insufficient CO_(2) for production of facility vegetables in cold winter areas in China,a shed type biomass fermentation device was designed.[Methods]This equipment included fermentation shed body(6 m long,5 m wide,2.8 m ridge height),forced heat exchange device and indoor heating pipeline in three parts.Using corn straw and sheep manure as raw materials for layered pile fermentation,the thermal performance of the fermentation unit brew,the impact on the thermal environment,gas environment and production of the facility greenhouse,and the economic benefits were explored.[Results]The temperature of the pile in the fermentation unit was above 50℃ for a total of 65 d,and the heat production efficiency reached 74.94%.The temperatures were more than 1.04℃ higher compared with the control greenhouse.The global warming potential(GWP)index decreased 96.98% through the gas filtration device and CO_(2) recovery system during the composting process.The CO_(2) concentration increased 2270.58 mg·m^(-3).The soluble protein and vitamin C contents of tomatoes in the heated area were 24.6% and 29.2%higher than those in the control area respectively,and the lycopene was 71.3% higher than that in the control area.The operation of the biofermentation unit increased the field per plant by 5.99% and increased income by 8712 yuan.[Conclusions]The application of shed-body biomass brew heaters in cold regions could provide heat and CO_(2) required for crop growth in facility greenhouses.

关 键 词：生物质发酵 CO_(2) 产热 强制换热 

分 类 号：S216[农业科学—农业机械化工程]