梳刷式枸杞采摘机的设计与理论分析  

Design and theoretical analysis of comb type Lycium barbarum picking machine

作　　者：禹孜恒 姜芳[1] 杨建华[2] 闫磊[1] 吴健[1] YU Zi-heng;JIANG Fang;YANG Jian-hua;YAN Lei;WU Jian(Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Research Institute of Wood Industry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 10091,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学,北京100083 [2]中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《林业机械与木工设备》2024年第2期30-36,共7页Forestry Machinery & Woodworking Equipment

基　　金：青海省重点研发与转化计划“枸杞采摘运动学模型研究”(2022-NK-116-03)。

摘　　要：为了实现枸杞机械化采收,提高枸杞采摘的采净率、降低损伤率,提出一种柔性梳刷齿的梳刷式采摘机,该装置通过梳刷齿的冲击作用使得枸杞熟果脱落,完成采摘工作。通过对枸杞自然特征和物理参数测量分析,设置了梳刷器的各项参数,利用Solidworks软件搭建了样机模型,并选择了合适的材料制造了样机;通过静力学分析和赫兹碰撞理论推导出了梳刷齿速度与冲击力之间的关系式;使用Adams软件对梳刷过程进行了动力学分析,当滚筒转速为57 rpm时,枸杞果实的受力峰值为0.83 N,理论上满足了采摘的需求;在青海诺木洪农场对当地宁杞1号进行采摘实验,结果表明:采净率为96.84%,损伤率为8.76%,满足枸杞采收的工作要求。In order to achieve the goal of the mechanized harvesting of Lycium barbarum,and improve the pure harvesting rate of Lycium barbarum and reduce the damage rate during the mechanized harvesting,a comb type picker with of flexible-material-made comb teeth is proposed,which during the harvesting process makes the ripe fruits fall off from the fruit branches and complete the picking work through the impact between the brush teeth and the fruits.Through the measurement and analysis of the natural characteristics and physical parameters of Lycium barbarum,the parameters of the comb were designed,and the prototype model was built using Solidworks software,then built up a prototype machine by choosing all kinds of building materials of picking machine.In order to analyze the process of the fruit harvesting and verify the feasibility of the prototype picker,through static analysis and Hertzian collision theory,the relationship between the speed of the picking tooth and the impact force was derived.In order to show the simulation working of the picker more intuitively,the dynamic analysis of the harvesting process was carried out using Adams software,during the whole workflow of the prototype picker,the peak force which Lycium barbarum was receiving was 0.83 N while the picking tooth`s speed was 57 rpm,and the picking experiment of local Ningqi No.1 in Nuomuhong Farm in Qinghai showed that the pure harvesting rate of the ripe fruit was 96.84%and the damage rate was 8.76%,which verified that the prototype picker is meeting the work requirements of Lycium barbarum harvesting.

关 键 词：枸杞采收 梳刷式采摘 机械设计 理论分析 仿真分析 

分 类 号：S225.93[农业科学—农业机械化工程]