中国氢能交通产业的现状、挑战与展望  

Status quo,challenges,and prospects of China's hydrogen transportation industry

作　　者：孟翔宇 顾阿伦[2] 曾静 陈铭韵 周剑[2] 刘滨[2] 毛宗强 MENG Xiangyu;GU Alun;ZENG Jing;CHEN Mingyun;ZHOU Jian;LIU Bin;MAO Zongqiang(Tsinghua Innovation Center in Dongguan,Dongguan 523808,China;Institute of Energy,Environment and Economy,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]东莞深圳清华大学研究院创新中心,东莞523808 [2]清华大学能源环境经济研究所,北京100084 [3]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《科技导报》2024年第3期6-26,共21页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：清华大学绿色经济与可持续发展研究中心课题(202206)。

摘　　要：综述了中国氢能公路交通、轨道交通、船舶和航空领域的发展现状,辨析了中国氢燃料电池车的综合性能,指出中国氢能汽车面临的挑战主要在于2个方面:一是成本高,包括氢燃料电池车成本高,且氢燃料价格高;二是加氢基础设施不足。分析表明,中国正处于城镇化的中后期阶段,重载交通、拥有固定路线的特种交通等将成为氢能汽车发展的机遇,家庭乘用车将成为未来氢能汽车发展的重要方向。氢能轨道交通将在难以电气化的地域发挥作用,以氢基化合物为动力的船舶和航空器将成为氢能船舶和航空发展的重点,未来氢能交通应完善规划、促进技术融合创新,发展新型氢能交通出行方式,构建完善的政策体系,并利用碳市场机制实现新飞跃。This paper provides an overview of the current development status of hydrogen energy highway transportation,rail transit,shipbuilding,and aviation in China.It analyzes the comprehensive performance of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in China and points out that the challenges faced by Chinese hydrogen energy vehicles are mainly high costs of vehicles and fuel and insufficient refueling infrastructure.However,as China steps into the middle and late stage of urbanization,heavy-load transportation and special transportation with fixed routes provide opportunities for the development of hydrogen vehicles,and family passenger vehicles will become an important direction.Hydrogen energy rail transit will also play a role in areas where electrification is difficult.Ships and aircraft powered by hydrogen compounds will become the focus of shipbuilding and aviation industries.In the future,hydrogen energy transportation should improve planning,promote technological integration and innovation,develop new hydrogen energy transportation travel modes,build a sound policy system,and adopt carbon market mechanism to achieve a new leap.

关 键 词：氢能交通 氢能汽车 船舶 航空 减排 

分 类 号：F426[经济管理—产业经济]