间伐保留密度对杉木人工林生长的影响  

Effect of Thinning Retention Density on the Growth of Chinese Fir Plantation

作　　者：卢德浩 冯铭淳 黄焕强 邱展鹏 谢惠燕 陈世清[1] 林娜[1] Lu Dehao;Feng Mingchun;Huang Huanqiang;Qiu Zhanpeng;Xie Huiyan;Chen Shiqing;Lin Na(South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学,广州510642

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2024年第4期9-16,共8页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金项目(2021A1515011092);广东省林业科技创新项目(2023KJCX001)。

摘　　要：以广东省清远市11年生杉木人工林为研究对象,探究了不同保留密度(1200、1800、2500株·hm^(-2))杉木人工林3 a期间的动态生长规律、环境影响因子间差异、林分生长与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明:随着间伐保留密度的增加,杉木人工林的林分平均胸径、树高、冠幅、单株材积的3 a生长量及生长率均有所下降,小、中径材的出材量明显上升,其中,保留密度为1200株·hm^(-2)的林分大径材出材量最高,为22.46 m^(3)·hm^(-2);其次是保留密度为1800株·hm^(-2)的林分,大径材出材量为15.36 m^(3)·hm^(-2);保留密度为2500株·hm^(-2)的林分无大径材产出。保留密度为1800株·hm^(-2)林分的总出材量最大,为131.55 m^(3)·hm^(-2)。随着间伐保留密度的降低,林冠开阔度和光照均有所增加,其中,保留密度为1200株·hm^(-2)的林分光照条件优于其他2种保留密度林分。不同土层间各土壤理化性质变化趋势基本一致,较多的土壤理化性质在保留密度为1200株·hm^(-2)时表现最好。灌木层和草本层物种多样性各指数大多在保留密度为1200株·hm^(-2)时最大。林分的生长主要与林冠开阔度、叶面积指数、林下直射光、散射光、土壤pH、全氮质量分数、土壤密度、草本层Shannon-Wiener指数和Patrick指数显著相关(P<0.05)。将低保留密度(1200株·hm^(-2))作为林分经营密度的效果最佳,最适合大径材的培育;若仅考虑木材产出,则应选择1800株·hm^(-2)为经营密度,该保留密度下总出材量最大。The study focused on an 11-year-old Chinese fir plantation in Qingyuan City,Guangdong Province.It investigated the dynamic growth patterns,differences in environmental impact factors,and the relationship between stand growth and environmental factors in Chinese fir plantations with different retention densities(1200,1800,2500 trees·hm^(-2))over a period of 3 years.The results showed that,with the increase of thinning retention density,the average diameter at breast height,tree height,crown width,3-year growth volume,and growth rate of individual tree volume in Chinese fir plantations decreased.However,the yield of small and medium diameter trees significantly increased.The stand with a retention density of 1200 trees·hm^(-2)had the highest yield of large diameter trees at 22.46 m^(3)·hm^(-2),followed by the stand with 1800 trees·hm^(-2)at 15.36 m^(3)·hm^(-2).No large diameter timber was produced in stands with 2500 trees·hm^(-2).The total yield was highest in stands with 1800 trees·hm^(-2)at 131.55 m^(3)·hm^(-2).As the thinning retention density decreased,canopy openness and light intensity increased,with the best light conditions observed in the plantation with a retention density of 1200 trees·hm^(-2).The changes in soil physical and chemical properties were consistent across different soil layers,with the best properties observed at a retention density of 1200 trees·hm^(-2).The diversity indices of the shrub and herb layers were highest at a retention density of 1200 trees·hm^(-2).Stand growth was significantly correlated with canopy openness,leaf area index,understory direct and scattered light,soil pH,total nitrogen content,soil density,herb layer Shannon-Wiener index,and Patrick index(P<0.05).A low retention density of 1200 trees·hm^(-2)was found to be the most effective for stand management,particularly for cultivating large diameter timber.However,for maximizing timber yield,a retention density of 1800 trees·hm^(-2)was recommended as it resulted in the highest total timber yield.

关 键 词：杉木人工林 间伐保留密度 林分生长 土壤理化性质 林下植被多样性 

分 类 号：S753[农业科学—森林经理学]