儿童急性呼吸道感染病原菌检出率及其与气象因素相关性  

Detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in children with acute respiratory infectionand its correlation with meteorological factors:An ana-lysis of 14942 cases

作　　者：郑金菊 李伟[3] 牟晓峰[2] 毕庆庆 赵婕[2] 闫志勇 ZHENG Jinju;LI Wei;MOU Xiaofeng;BI Qingqing;ZHAO Jie;YAN Zhiyong(Qingdao University Medical College,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学医学部,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛大学附属青岛市中心医院,山东青岛266071 [3]青岛大学附属妇女儿童医院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《青岛大学学报（医学版）》2024年第1期105-109,共5页Journal of Qingdao University(Medical Sciences)

基　　金：山东省优秀中青年科学家科研奖励基金项目(BS2011SW0005)。

摘　　要：目的分析青岛市14942例儿童急性呼吸道感染病原菌检出率及其与气象因素的相关性。方法以2018—2019年因急性呼吸道感染于青岛市两个医院就诊的儿童为研究对象,采集其呼吸道标本进行细菌培养及鉴定,分析不同性别、年龄、季节间病原菌检出率的差异及检出率与气象因素和空气质量的关系。结果共收集来自14942例儿童的呼吸道标本16136份,病原菌检出率为8.89%。男性病原菌检出率(9.60%)高于女性(7.92%)(χ^(2)=13.606,P<0.001)。2018年病原菌检出率(10.24%)高于2019年(7.68%)(χ^(2)=32.387,P<0.001)。不同年龄段儿童不同病原菌检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=17.307~509.546,P<0.01)。不同季节间病原菌检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=46.812,P<0.001)。金黄色葡萄球菌检出率与风速呈正相关(b=1.184,P=0.001);肺炎链球菌检出率与温度、雨量呈负相关(b=-0.769、-0.011,P<0.05),与风速、PM 2.5呈正相关(b=1.442、0.029,P<0.05)。结论青岛市两医院急性呼吸道感染病儿病原菌检出率为8.89%,以金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎链球菌为主,冬春季为感染高峰,1岁以内儿童检出率较高,空气污染物可增加肺炎链球菌感染风险,应在冬春季针对重点人群采取预防措施。Objective To investigatethe detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in children with acute respiratory infection in Qingdao,China and its correlation with meteorological factors.Methods The children who attended two hospitals in Qingdao due to acute respiratory infection from 2018 to 2019 were enrolled as subjects,and respiratory specimens were collected for bacte-rial culture and identification.The detection rates of pathogenic bacteria were compared between different sexes,ages,and seasons,and the correlation of detection rates with meteorological factors and air quality was analyzed.Results A total of 16136 respiratory specimens were collected from 14942 children,and the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria was 8.89%.The detection rate of pathogenic bacteriain boys was higher than that in girls(9.60%vs7.92%,χ^(2)=13.606,P<0.001).The detection rate of pathogenic bacteriain 2018 was higher than that in 2019(10.24%vs7.68%,χ^(2)=32.387,P<0.001).There was a significant difference in the detection rate of different pathogenic bacteria between the children of different age groups(χ^(2)=17.307-509.546,P<0.01).There was a significant difference in the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria across different seasons(χ^(2)=46.812,P<0.001).The detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus was positively correlated with wind speed(b=1.184,P=0.001),while the detection rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae was negatively correlated with temperature and rainfall(b=-0.769,-0.011,P<0.05)and was positively correlated with wind speed and PM 2.5(b=1.442,0.029,P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria is 8.89%in children with acute respiratory infection in the two hospitals in Qingdao,mainly Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.The peak of infection is observed in winter and spring,and children aged<1 year tended to have a higher detection rate.Air pollutants can increase the risk of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection,and preventive measures should be taken for the key populations in winter and spring.

关 键 词：呼吸道感染 儿童 病原 细菌 气象学 医学 

分 类 号：R517.6[医药卫生—内科学] R378[医药卫生—临床医学]