高熵合金纳米电催化剂的合成  

Recent Progress on High-Entropy Nanoalloy for Electrocatalytic Applications

作　　者：薛天雨 黄仲[1] 谷昊辉 张海军[1] Xue Tianyu;Huang Zhong;Gu Haohui;Zhang Haijun(State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy,Faculty of Materials,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学材料学部省部共建耐火材料与冶金国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430081

出　　处：《稀有金属》2024年第1期90-104,共15页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52202025);湖北省教育厅科学技术研究计划重点项目(D20211104)资助。

摘　　要：相较于单金属和双金属催化剂,高熵合金(HEAs)催化剂因具有多种活性位点而表现出优异的协同效应和催化活性,当其粒径细化至纳米尺度时,纳米尺寸效应与多元活性位点赋予了高熵合金纳米颗粒(np-HEAs)催化剂较低的过电位,近年来在电化学领域逐渐成为研究热点。目前,np-HEAs催化剂的合成方法有脱合金法、热冲击法、低温液相共还原法、机械合金法、激光烧蚀法及溅射沉积法等。综述了近年来np-HEAs催化剂合成的研究现状,总结了提高其催化活性的策略及措施,并展望了np-HEAs催化剂的未来发展方向。As one of the important ways to develop green energy,electrocatalysis has the advantages of environmental friendliness,cleanliness and sustainability,whose key lies on the exploitation of catalysts with low overpotential.Compared with mono-or bimetallic catalysts,high entropy alloys(HEAs) nano-catalysts exhibit the strong electrolytic activity owing to their multiple active sites,and have gradually become a research hotspot in recent years,especially in hydrogen production from water.In the electrocatalytic process,the multi-metals can adjust the adsorption energies of reactant molecules and intermediates on the nano-catalyst surface,and thus enhance the electrocatalytic performance of HEAs nanoalloy(np-HEAs) catalysts through synergistic effects.With a comprehensive review of the fabrication of np-HEAs and the latest research in the field of electrocatalysis,this work summarized the methods for preparation of np-HEAs including the de-alloying method,thermal shock method,low-temperature liquid-phase co-reduction method,mechanical alloying method,laser ablation method and sputtering deposition method.The principles,conditions and characteristics of various preparation methods and the catalytic mechanisms of the as-obtained np-HEAs in the electrocatalytic process were presented.The inherent connection between the preparation methods and the electrocatalytic performance of np-HEAs was described,and the problems and shortcomings of the present study and the future research directions were pointed out.The de-alloying method was to selectively dissolve and remove the more active elements in the precursor through selective chemical(or electrochemical) corrosion,leaving behind the chemically stable elements,which could synthesize HEAs with the controllable composition and nanopores,and the as-synthesized np-HEAs had the relatively large specific surface area.The thermal shock method was to prepare np-HEAs by a rapid heating and cooling process using carbon materials as the heating source and catalyst carrier with Joule-h

关 键 词：高熵合金(HEAs) 高熵合金纳米颗粒(np-HEAs) 催化剂 纳米尺寸效应 

分 类 号：TF803.21[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]