本港船·本港行·南海“互市”  

Junks to Southeast Asian Countries·Bengang Hong·Trade around South China Sea

作　　者：徐素琴[1] Xu Suqin

机构地区：[1]广东省社会科学院历史与孙中山研究所(广东海洋史研究中心)

出　　处：《海洋史研究》2023年第2期37-46,共10页Studies of Maritime History

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项2021年度重大招标项目“明清至民国南海海疆经略与治理体系研究”(项目号:LSYZD21011)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清代中国与东南亚的进出口贸易,可分为来船和去船。来船由传统南海贸易国家如暹罗、安南、苏禄等所发,贸易形式分为朝贡贸易和通商贸易,也有西方国家在南海的殖民地如巴达维亚、马尼拉等所发。去船指中国帆船,其航迹遍及南海各国、各地区。In 1686,Yanghuo Hong(洋货行)and Jinsi Hong(金丝行)were established,which separated the domestic business tax and maritime trade tax.However,at that time there was no distinction between domestic trade and foreign trade.In the early years of Qianlong era,Hainan Hong(海南行)was set up to undertake specially domestic coastal trade affairs.In 1760,the management system has been formed for Waiyang Hong(外洋行)specializing in the import and export trade of western ships,Bengang Hong(本港行)specializing in the import and export trade of traditional trading countries around the South China Sea and the Chinese sailing ships to Southeast Asian countries,and Fuchao Hong(福潮行)specializing in domestic coastal trade(renamed from Hainan Hong).In 1800,when Bengang Hong(本港行)was abolished,the affairs originally undertaken by it were transferred to Waiyang Hong(外洋行),and Fuchao Hong remained unchanged.Therefore,it can be said that since the early year of Qianlong era,Canton Custom began to distinguish between domestic trade and foreign trade.However,custom was still only a part of Queguan(榷关)which was divided into Native Customs(常关)and Froeign Customs(洋关)until the establishment of the Commissioner system in the Second Opium War.The Native Customs imposed duties according to the original tariff,while Froeign Customs did it according to the new treaty tariff.

关 键 词：进出口贸易 巴达维亚 朝贡贸易 南海贸易 中国帆船 暹罗 通商贸易 中国与东南亚 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] F752.9[历史地理—中国史]