近20年北方草原生态价值核算及其时空差异特征  

Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of grassland ecosystem values and their differences in northern China from 2000 to 2020

作　　者：张海燕[1] 樊江文[1] 黄麟[1] 李愈哲[1] 曹巍[1] 刘爱军 杨勇 张雅娴 常书娟 王穗子 任传涛 李佳慧 朱炳淑 王宗 张金钰 ZHANG Haiyan;FAN Jiangwen;HUANG Lin;LI Yuzhe;CAO Wei;LIU Aijun;YANG Yong;ZHANG Yaxian;CHANG Shujuan;WANG Suizi;REN Chuantao;LI Jiahui;ZHU Bingshu;WANG Zong;ZHANG Jinyu(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Coupling Process and Effects,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100101,China;Forestry and Grassland Monitoring Planning Institute of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010020,China;Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China;Mudanjiang Natural Resources Survey Center,China Geological Survey,Mudanjiang 157000,China;Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所自然资源部自然资源要素耦合过程与效应重点实验室,北京100101 [2]内蒙古自治区林业和草原监测规划院,呼和浩特010020 [3]西南民族大学青藏高原研究院,成都610041 [4]中国地质调查局牡丹江自然资源综合调查中心,牡丹江157000 [5]北京林业大学,北京100083

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第6期2337-2350,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1300501);国家自然基金项目(42007429);自然资源要素耦合过程与效应重点实验室开放课题(2022KFKTC020);内蒙古阴山北麓草原生态水文国家野外科学观测研究站开放研究基金(中国水利水电科学研究院)(YSS202306)。

摘　　要：草原是我国重要的陆地生态系统和自然资源,具有多元生态服务,探索草原生态价值核算方法对于草原保护修复与可持续管理具有重要意义,但当前草原生态价值尚未形成公认的评估框架和准确的核算方法。定位于北方草原,以内蒙古天然草原为典型案例区,提出了“支持-供给-调节-文化”服务价值四类共计19项的草原生态价值评估体系,基于地面采样、野外观测、遥感解译、模型模拟和统计等多源数据,在像元尺度上核算了2000—2020年草原生态价值并分析其空间分异特征和动态演变规律。结果表明:近20年来内蒙古草原生态价值多年均值为17640.60亿元/a,约为自治区同期国内生产总值(GDP)(8607.23亿元/a)的2.05倍,每公顷草原提供的生态价值为2.34万元/hm^(2),总体呈现“东北高—西南低”的空间分布格局特征。其中,草原调节服务价值最高,多年均值6676.44亿元/a,占比53.68%;其次为草原支持服务价值,多年均值为6293.96亿元/a,占比35.13%;草原供给和文化服务价值多年均值分别为3796.27亿元/a(6.24%)和873.93亿元/a(4.95%)。从具体指标来看,防风固沙价值量最高(5858.86亿元/a和33.21%);从各地区来看,锡林郭勒盟草原生态价值最高(4701.81亿元/a和26.65%)。20年间,草原生态价值呈显著增加趋势(439.45亿元/a,P<0.05),其中以草原文化服务价值增加最为明显。本方法和案例可为量化草原生态价值提供参考范式,并有助于生态产品价值实现机制的建立,推动草原侵占用等生态补偿方案的优化。As key terrestrial ecosystems and natural resources in China,grasslands can provide provisioning,supporting,regulating,and cultural ecological services,which are regarded as highly multifunctional ecosystems.It's of great significance for grassland protection,restoration,and sustainable management to assess ecosystem service value(ESV)of grasslands.However,currently,there still lacks a systematic and accurate assessment framework in service values of grassland ecosystem.This study focuses on the northern grassland of China and taking the natural grassland in the Inner Mongolia as a typical case area,we propose a calculation framework for assessing grassland ESV index,comprising 19 different indicators for provisioning,supporting,regulating and cultural ESV.Based on the multi-source data such as ground sampling,field observation,remote sensing interpretation,model simulation,and statistics,we calculated the grassland ESV at the grid scale from 2000 to 2020 and then analyzed their spatial differentiation characteristics and dynamic evolution.The results showed that the mean annual grassland ESV in the Inner Mongolia during the last 20 years was 1764.06 billion yuan/a,equivalent to 2.05 times of GDP(8607.23 billion yuan/a)in the Inner Mongolia during the same period,showing a spatial distribution pattern of“high in the northeast and low in the southwest”.The ESV provided by grassland per unit area was 23400 yuan/hm^(2).Among them,53.68% came from grassland regulating services with the highest mean annual value of 6676.44 billion yuan/a,mostly provided in Hulunbuir City,Xing'an League,and Xilingol League,etc.35.13%came from grassland supporting services with a multi-year average of 6293.96 billion yuan/a.The multi-year average values of grassland provisioning and cultural services were 3796.27 billion yuan/a(6.24%)and 873.93 billion yuan/a(4.95%),respectively.From the perspective of specific indicators,the wind erosion prevention services in grassland had the highest value of 5858.86 billion yuan/a and occupied 3

关 键 词：生态价值 像元尺度 定量评估 天然草原 北方草原 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学] X171.1[农业科学—畜牧学]