不同有机改良剂对盐碱地菊芋产量及土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of Different Organic Amendments on Yield of Helianthus tuberosus L.and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Saline-Alkali Land

作　　者：管西林 郭洪海[1] 贾曦[2] 王璐[2] 边文范[1] 张玉凤[1] 董亮[1] 田慎重[1] Guan Xilin;Guo Honghai;Jia Xi;Wang Lu;Bian Wenfan;Zhang Yufeng;Dong Liang;Tian Shenzhong(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management/Key Laboratory ofWastes Matrix Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-environment ofHuang-Huai-Hai Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jinan 250100,China;Yellow River Delta Modern Agricultural Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dongying 257399,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部废弃物基质化利用重点实验室/农业农村部黄淮海平原农业环境重点实验室,山东济南250100 [2]山东省农业科学院黄河三角洲现代农业研究院,山东东营257399

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2024年第3期70-77,共8页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1002703,2021YFD1900190);山东省“渤海粮仓”科技示范工程升级版项目(2019BHLC002)。

摘　　要：试验在黄河三角洲典型盐碱地上进行,以菊芋品种南芋1号为供试材料,设置不施肥对照(CK)、常规施肥(F)、商品有机肥(M)、生物炭基调理剂(T1)、抗盐调理剂(T2)共5个处理,研究不同有机改良剂对菊芋苗期生物量、块茎产量及土壤主要理化性质的影响。结果表明:施用有机改良剂对盐碱地菊芋苗期干物质量和成熟期地下块茎产量影响显著,其中T1处理菊芋苗期干物质量和成熟期块茎产量最高,较CK、F处理分别显著提高76.4%、36.2%和38.7%、25.1%。与CK相比,T1处理菊芋苗期0~30 cm土层土壤pH值显著下降;M、T1和T2处理较CK和F处理显著降低菊芋苗期0~20 cm土层土壤水溶性盐含量,降幅达8.3%以上,且T1优于M和T2处理;菊芋收获后,M、T1和T2处理0~10 cm土层土壤有机质含量较CK分别显著提高15.1%、20.7%和21.0%,T1处理显著增加0~20 cm土层土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,M处理显著增加0~20 cm土层土壤有效磷和速效钾含量。综上,施用生物炭基调理剂对改良土壤盐碱化、促进壮苗培育、提高菊芋产量效果较优。The experiment was carried out in typical saline-alkali lands of the Yellow River Delta.Fivetreatments were designed including no fertilizer as the control(CK),conventional fertilization(F),commercial organic manure(M),biochar-base organic amendment(T1)and salt-resistant amendment(T2),andHelianthus tuberosus L.Nanyu 1 was used as the experimental variety.The results showed that dry matter amount at seedling stage and tuber yield at maturity stage of H.tuberosus were significantly influenced by theapplication of organic amendments,and those of T1 treatment were the highest and significantly increased by76.4%and 36.2%,and 38.7%and 25.1%compared with CK and F treatment,respectively.Compared withCK,the soil pH value of 0~30-cm layer decreased significantly at seedling stage under T1 treatment.Compared with CK and F treatments,M,T1 and T2 treatments significantly reduced the soluble salt content in 0~20-cm soil layer at seedling stage by more than 8.3%,and the salt reduction effect of T1 treatment was betterthan that of M and T2 treatment.The content of soil organic matter in 0~10-cm layer under M,T1 and T2treatments were significantly increased by 15.1%,20.7%and 21.0%compared with CK treatment,respectively.T1 treatment significantly increased the contents of soil alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen,available phosphorus andavailable potassium in 0~20-cm layer compared with CK treatment,while M treatment significantly increasedthe contents of soil available phosphorus and available potassium in 0~20-cm layer.In conclusion,the application of biochar-base organic amendments were superior to decreasing soil salinization,promoting strong seedling culture and increasing yield of H.tuberosus.

关 键 词：菊芋 盐碱地 有机改良剂 块茎产量 土壤理化性质 黄河三角洲 

分 类 号：S632.901[农业科学—蔬菜学]