盆栽牡丹生长和生理特性对现蕾期氮肥的响应  

Growth and Physiological Responses of Potted Peony to Nitrogen Fertilizer at Budding Stage

作　　者：何晗颖 赵俊福 刘淑杰 朱晓琳 马海林[2] 刘方春[2] 司东霞[1] He Hanying;Zhao Junfu;Liu Shujie;Zhu Xiaolin;Ma Hailin;Liu Fangchun;Si Dongxia(College of Agriculture and Agricultural Engineering,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng 252059,China;Institute of Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Forestry Sciences,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]聊城大学农学与农业工程学院,山东聊城252059 [2]山东省林业科学研究院资源与环境研究所,山东济南250014

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2024年第3期99-105,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业良种工程项目(2020LZGC011)。

摘　　要：为明确牡丹现蕾期氮肥的施肥效应,确定适宜的氮肥用量,通过盆栽培养试验,设置5个氮素水平(0、0.75、1.50、2.25、3.00 g/株),研究现蕾期氮肥不同用量对牡丹生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明,牡丹现蕾期施用氮肥显著影响植株生长、氮素吸收和光合特性,对功能叶片叶绿素及其组分含量和比例的影响未达显著水平。随氮肥用量的增加,牡丹株高、茎粗、地上部干物质累积量呈先上升后下降的变化趋势;与不施氮相比,低氮(0.75 g/株)处理植株地下部干物质累积量和根长增加,根冠比提高;0.75~1.50 g/株的氮素用量可明显增大花径,延长花期2~3 d,并提前始花期1~2 d;氮素用量2.25 g/株植株净光合速率最大,同时可显著增加地上部氮浓度和氮吸收量,显著提高氮素在地上部的分配比例。采用隶属函数法对牡丹生长状况进行综合评价,得出协同地上部营养生长和生殖生长的最佳氮素用量为1.56 g/株。综上,牡丹现蕾期适量施用氮肥可提高叶片光合效率,促进并协调地上部生长,可作为牡丹管理策略应用于生产实践。In order to clarify the effect of nitrogen(N)fertilizer on peony during budding stage and determine optimum rate of N fertilizer,five N levels(0,0.75,1.50,2.25,3.00 g per plant)were set and theireffects on growth and physiological characteristics of pony were analyzed in the pot experiment.The resultsshowed that the application of N fertilizer at budding stage significantly affected plant growth,N absorption andphotosynthetic characteristics,but had no significant effects on the content and proportion of chlorophyll andits components in functional leaves.Plant height,stem diameter and aboveground dry matter accumulation increased firstly and then decreased with increasing N application amount.The underground dry matter accumulation,root length,and root-shoot ratio increased under low N(0.75 g per plant)level compared with no Napplication.The flower diameter increased significantly,flowering period was prolonged by 2 to 3 days,andthe beginning of flowering time was advanced by 1 to 2 days at N application rates of 0.75~1.50 g per plant.The net photosynthetic rate was the highest,the aboveground N concentration and N uptake increased significantly,and the aboveground N allocation was enhanced when the N application rate was 2.25 g per plant.The growth status of peony was comprehensively evaluated using membership function method,which indicated thatthe optimal N application rate synergistic between vegetative growth and reproductive growth was 1.56 g perplant.In summary,appropriate application of N fertilizer at budding stage of peony could improve the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves,and promote and coordinate the growth of aboveground parts,so it be worth applying as a management strategy in peony production.

关 键 词：氮素 牡丹 现蕾期 生长 养分吸收 光合特性 

分 类 号：S685.110.1[农业科学—观赏园艺]