“北伐”与“南征”:郑成功抗清战略的权衡——再探“郑成功应李定国勤王会师愆期”问题  

“Northern Expedition”and“Southern Expedition”:Zheng Cheng-gong’s Strategy of Resisting Qing Dynasty——Further Research on“Delay in Zheng Cheng-gong’s Join Forces with Li Ding-guo’s”

作　　者：黄俊凌[1] Huang Junling

机构地区：[1]厦门大学台湾研究院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《广东社会科学》2024年第2期92-105,287,共15页Social Sciences in Guangdong

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“17世纪荷兰殖民统治台湾再研究”(项目号22BZS067)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明朝末年,郑成功的水师以厦门、金门为基地,成为活跃于东南沿海一带抗清复明的重要力量。郑成功以明朝“中兴恢复”为己任,就得面临北伐或南征两种抗清路线的战略选择。受限先天的战略劣势以及三次南下勤王的失利,使郑成功在抗清战略选择上倾向北伐。永历八年(1654),李定国邀约郑成功派水师合攻广东新会,力图实现西南、东南抗清队伍的会师。郑成功克服不利因素,再度决定南下勤王,派出大将林察率水师南征,但林察顾忌海岸航行的风险与粤东清军的围击,以及缺乏与友军及时联络的方式,不敢快速南下。林察此举,虽避免孤军深入,但也错过了与李定国会师的机会,造成了愆期的局面。At the end of the Ming Dynasty,Zheng Cheng-gong’s navy,based in Xiamen and Jinmen,became an important force in the southeast coastal areas to fight against the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynas⁃ty.Zheng Cheng-gong took the“rejuvenation and recovery”of the Ming Dynasty as his own responsibility.If he wanted to forge ahead in the struggle against the Qing Dynasty,he had to face two strategic choices:the Northern Expedition and the Southern Expedition.Due to the inherent strategic disadvantage and the three failures of the Southern Expedition,Zheng Cheng-gong was inclined to the Northern Expedition in his choice of anti-Qing strategy.In the eighth year of Yongli’s reign(1654),Li Ding-guo invited Zheng Cheng-gong to send navy to attack Xinhui,Guangdong,in an effort to achieve the convergence of the anti-Qing troops in the southwest and southeast.Zheng successfully overcame the unfavorable factors,decided to launch another Southern Expedition again,and sent General Lin Cha to lead the navy.However,Lin Cha worried about the risk of coastal navigation and the encirclement of the Qing army in eastern Guang⁃dong,and lacked the way to contact the friendly forces in time.He dared not to sail south quickly,so as to avoid penetrating alone into Guangdong province.At last,Lin Cha also missed the opportunity to meet with Li Ding-guo,resulting in caused the delay in joining forces with Li Ding-guo’s.

关 键 词：郑成功 抗清战略 李定国 会师愆期 

分 类 号：K248.4[历史地理—历史学]