雇用抑或外包:高治理负荷下基层政府的策略选择——基于福建橙镇“两巡”任务的分析  

Employment or Outsourcing:The Executive Strategy Choice of Township Government When the Tasks Increase

作　　者：廖启湖 狄金华 Qihu Liao;Jinhua Di

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学社会学院 [2]华中科技大学中国乡村治理研究中心

出　　处：《公共行政评论》2024年第2期122-139,M0006,共19页Journal of Public Administration

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“构建城乡基层‘共建共治共享’的现代化治理体系研究”(22VRC129)。

摘　　要：政府的雇用和外包本质上都是从组织外部吸纳治理资源,但是以往文献大多将两者孤立开来讨论,少有将它们纳入一个整体性的框架进行分析。论文借助橙镇“两巡”任务执行案例,构建了“行政权威依赖-行政风险”的分析框架,探讨了基层政府在雇用与外包之间的选择问题。研究发现:(1)完成任务的高行政权威依赖和执行过程的高行政风险,使橙镇必须采用雇用模式执行违建巡查;完成任务的低行政权威依赖和执行过程的低行政风险,为橙镇选择外包模式执行安全生产巡查留下了空间。(2)在向上负责制的背景下,为了保障升迁之途顺畅,官员既要确保任务能够有效完成,也要保证任务执行过程的各项风险能够得到控制。因此,只要完成任务需要高度依赖于行政权威或者执行过程潜在的行政风险较高,雇用模式都将成为首选;只有当完成任务对行政权威的依赖低并且执行过程潜在的行政风险低,外包模式才会成为可选项。A government's employment and outsourcing behavior are essentially the absorption of governance resources from outside the government.However,in the literature,employment and outsourcing are mostly discussed separately,and there are few analyses that include both in a holistic framework.This study constructs an analytical framework of“administrative authority dependenceadministrative risk”by analyzing the execution case of the"Liang Xun"tasks in Cheng Zhen and explores the choice between employment and outsourcing by grassroots governments.This study found that:(1)high administrative authority dependence and high administrative risk made it necessary for Cheng Zhen to use employment to carry out illegal construction inspections;low administrative authority dependence and low administrative risk made it possible for Cheng Zhen to choose outsourcing to carry out safety production inspections.(2)In order to ensure that promotion is not hindered,officials need to ensure that various tasks can be effectively completed and that risks during the task execution process can be controlled.Therefore,if completing tasks require a high degree of dependence on administrative authority or the execution process has potentially high administrative risks,employment forms will become an inevitable choice.Outsourcing will only become an option when completing tasks that do not rely on administrative authority and have low potential administrative risks during the execution process.

关 键 词：治理负荷 雇用 编外用工 外包 购买服务 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]