近年来日本工会组织的“转向”问题  

The"Political Shift"of the Japanese Trade Unions in Recent Years

作　　者：孟明铭 Meng Mingming

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院日本研究所

出　　处：《世界社会主义研究》2024年第1期92-101,M0006,共11页World Socialism Studies

基　　金：中国社会科学院资助课题“日本共产党‘中国观’演变研究”(2021YJBWT010)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近年来随着国际局势的演变,加之新冠疫情、俄乌冲突等不确定因素的冲击,日本国内阶级矛盾日益尖锐。然而日本国内最大的工会组织“日本劳动组合总联合会”却逐渐疏远了传统的左翼政党盟友,反向执政的代表资方的自民党靠拢示好,对日本左翼活动产生严重干扰。“日本劳动组合总联合会”的政治转向是近些年来日本工人运动出现重大变化的一个缩影,其直接原因大致有三个方面:工会组织间的路线分歧、工会性质蜕变和左翼政党难以有效回应工人诉求。然而追本溯源,此现象不仅反映出日本社会整体保守化右倾化大趋势对以“日本劳动组合总联合会”为代表的左翼力量的挤压,更暴露出受到新自由主义思潮侵蚀的日本左翼思想的巨大局限性。In recent years,changes in international situation,coupled with the impact of such uncertain factors as the COVID-19 epidemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict,class contradictions in Japan have become increasingly fierce.However,the Japanese Trade Union Confederation(RENGO),the largest labor organization in Japan,has gradually distanced itself from its traditional left-wing allies,and turned to the ruling Liberal Democratic Party which represents the capitalists.This has seriously affected the Japanese left-wing activities.The political shift of the RENGO reflects the major changes in the Japanese labor movement in recent years,and can be explained from three aspects:the divergent lines of the trade unions,the transformation of the nature of the trade unions,and the lack of effective response from the left-wing parties to workers'demands.Tracing back to its origin,this phenomenon not only reflects the pressure over the left-wing forces represented by the RENGO under the general conservative right-wing tendencies in Japanese society,but also exposes the enormous limitation of the Japanese left-wing that has been eroded by neoliberalism.

关 键 词：日本工人运动 日本工会组织 日本左翼 日本共产党 新自由主义 

分 类 号：D413.13[政治法律—政治学] D731.3[政治法律—国际共产主义运动]