宿主细胞骨架与内膜网络重构调控病毒复制  

Manipulation of the cellular cytoskeleton-membrane network for virus replication

作　　者：张悦[1] 高雪笛 酒亚明 ZHANG Yue;Gao XueDi;JIU YaMing(Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海免疫与感染研究所,上海200031

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2024年第3期383-395,共13页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

摘　　要：病毒性疾病的日益频繁暴发严重危害全球人类健康和经济发展.病毒感染的一个共同特征是重塑宿主细胞的膜结构和细胞骨架结构,形成用于病毒基因组复制的特化亚细胞结构,称为病毒工厂.不同的病毒可能会挟持不同的宿主细胞器进行膜修饰形成形态各异的复制工厂,包括病毒质体、小球体、双膜囊泡、管状体和细胞核病毒工厂.三种细胞骨架微丝、微管、中间丝形态在病毒复制过程中也会发生剧烈重塑,形成笼状结构包裹病毒工厂,包括肌动蛋白环、微管笼和中间丝笼.本文系统描述了病毒复制阶段病毒工厂的形成过程及细胞骨架组分和膜组分的形态学变化,重点阐述了三种细胞骨架及其相关蛋白在病毒工厂建立过程中的物质运输、物理支撑、和生化调控功能,简要介绍了相关研究技术手段,并讨论了病毒感染背景下病毒组分-细胞内膜-细胞骨架三者相互作用的重要性和未来研究方向.Epidemics caused by viral infections pose a significant global threat to human health and economy.A common feature of virus infection is to reshape the membrane structure and cytoskeleton structure of host cells to form specific organelle-like structures for virus genome replication,which is called viral factory.Different viruses may hijack different organelles to form replication factories,including viroplasm,spherules,double membrane vesicles,tubes and nuclear viral factory.Virus infection can also induce drastic rearrangement of cytoskeleton,forming cage-like structures to wrap the virus factory,including actin ring,microtubule cage and intermediate filaments cage.This review systematically summarizes the formation process of virus factory and the corresponding morphological changes of cytoskeleton and membrane network.Specifically,we focus on the functions of material transport,physical support,and biochemical regulation of cytoskeleton and their related proteins during the establishment of virus factory.We also discuss the importance of these interactions in the context of viral replication and future research directions.

关 键 词：病毒复制 病毒工厂 细胞骨架 微丝 微管 中间丝 内膜重构 

分 类 号：R373[医药卫生—病原生物学]