同域两种竹蝗成虫形态学及生物学特性比较  

Comparison of Morphological and Biological Characteristics of Two Species of Ceracris Insects Adults in the Same Area

作　　者：冯加德 王梅 冯丹[2] 冯志伟 文亦芾 陈鹏[2] FENG Jia-de;WANG Mei;FENG Dan;FENG Zhi-wei;WEN Yi-fu;CHEN Peng(Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650000,Yunnan,China;Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences,Kunming 650201,Yunnan,China;Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650500,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学,云南昆明650000 [2]云南省林业和草原科学院,云南昆明650201 [3]云南农业大学,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2024年第2期81-89,共9页Forest Research

基　　金：云南联合农业专项重点项目(202101BD070001-030);云南重大科技专项计划(202102AE090003);云南省专家基层科研工作站(勐腊县)建设项目;云南省林业和草原局项目“黄脊竹蝗研究与技术培训”“云南草原自然植被蝗总科调查及危险性分析”。

摘　　要：[目的]为比较同域混合发生的两种竹蝗属昆虫,即黄脊竹蝗与青脊竹蝗形态学与生物学之间的异同点。[方法]采自同一地理区域的两种竹蝗的成虫,在大棚内饲养,对其形态特征:体长、触角、后足股节、头幅、外生殖器等,及生活习性:活动规律、交尾习性、寄主植物取食习性等进行观察记录和统计分析。[结果]结果表明,黄脊竹蝗雌成虫体长36.55±1.42 mm,触角23.46±1.29 mm,后足股节21.68±0.28mm,头幅5.33±0.2 mm;雄成虫体长31.35±0.75 mm,触角23.22±0.9 mm,后足股节17.86±0.23mm,头幅4.08±0.19 mm。青脊竹蝗雌成虫体长34.63±0.44 mm,触角18.34±0.56 mm,后足股节18.67±1.62 mm,头幅4.61±0.18 mm;雄成虫体长26.82±2.77 mm,触角17.75±1.58 mm,后足股节16.09±0.47 mm,头幅3.5±0.29 mm。同种竹蝗间雌雄成虫体长差异显著,两种竹蝗比较时雌雄体长、触角、后足股节以及头幅差异显著,雌性成虫的体长变化趋势相似,雌雄外生殖器结构相似。黄脊竹蝗交尾高峰期为14:00—17:00时,青脊竹蝗交尾高峰期为9:00—12:00时。两种竹蝗成虫在面对3种不同的寄主植物时表现出相同的取食偏好,均是最喜食毛竹,其次是芭蕉,最后是无芒雀麦,但青脊竹蝗的取食量大于黄脊竹蝗。[结论]两种竹蝗形态和生物学习性表现出的相似性和差异性是两种竹蝗能够同域发生的基础,研究结果为监测和防控两种竹蝗提供了一定的基础信息支持。[Objective]To compare the similarities and differences between the morphology and biology of two insects of the Ceracris,Ceracris kiangsu Tsai and Ceracris nigricornis Walker.[Method]The adults of two kinds of Ceracris collected from the same geographical area were reared in a greenhouse,and their morphological characteristics:body length,antennae,hind femur,head width,external genitalia,etc.,and living habits:activity rules,mating habits.The feeding habits of host plants were observed,recorded and statistically analyzed.[Result]The results showed that the body length of the female adult C.kiangsu was 36.55±1.42 mm,the antennae was 23.46±1.29 mm,the hind femur was 21.68±0.28 mm,and the head width was 5.33±0.2 mm;the body length of the male adults was 31.35±0.75 mm,the antennae was 23.22±0.9 mm,the hind femur was 17.86±0.23 mm,and the head width was 4.08±0.19 mm.The body length of the female adult of C.nigricornis was34.63±0.44 mm,the antennae was 18.34±0.56 mm,the hind femur was 18.67±1.62 mm,and the head width was 4.61±0.18 mm;the body length of the male adult was 26.82±2.77 mm,the antennae was 17.75±1.58 mm,the hind femur was 16.09±0.47 mm,the head width was 3.5±0.29 mm.There were significant differences in body length between male and female adults of the same species of Ceracris insects.There were significant differences in body length,antennae,hind femur,and head width between the two types of Ceracris insects.The peak mating period of the C.kiangsu was 14-17 o'clock,and the peak mating period of the C.nigricornis was 9-12 o'clock.Two kinds of Ceracris adults showed the same feeding preference when faced with three different host plants,and they all preferred to eat bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis),followed by plantain(Musa basjoo),and finally brome(Bromus inermis),but the C.nigricornis consumed more food than the C.kiangsu.[Conclusion]The similarity and difference in morphology and biological learning of the two kinds of Ceracris insects are the basis for the sympatric occurrence of the two kind

关 键 词：黄脊竹蝗 青脊竹蝗 交尾方式 交尾节律 取食偏好 

分 类 号：S673.3[农业科学—园艺学]