基于里德堡原子的微波全信息测量  

Microwave full information measurement based on Rydberg atoms

作　　者：贾凤东 郝建海 崔越 王宇翔 刘宇晴 王宇 尤建琦 白金海 钟志萍 JIA Fengdong;HAO Jianhai;CUI Yue;WANG Yuxiang;LIU Yuqing;WANG Yu;YOU Jianqi;BAI Jinhai;ZHONG Zhiping(School of Physical Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Changcheng Institute of Metrology&Measurement,Beijing 100095,China;CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学物理科学学院,北京100049 [2]航空工业北京长城计量测试技术研究所,北京100095 [3]中国科学院大学中国科学院拓扑量子计算卓越中心,北京100190

出　　处：《计测技术》2024年第1期1-22,共22页Metrology & Measurement Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0304900、2017YFA0402300);北京市自然科学基金项目(1212014);中国科学院重点研究计划项目(XDPB08-3);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目。

摘　　要：介绍了里德堡原子微波电场传感器的工作原理,阐述了基于里德堡原子测量微波电场强度、相位、极化、频率等信息的技术特点,分析了基于里德堡原子的微波全信息测量的研究现状,探讨了当前绝对自校准测量和连续宽带高灵敏测量面临的困难,指出可以通过外场调控实现测量灵敏度提升和宽带连续频率测量;并可通过各种调制及解调手段简化相位、极化的测量和读取。分析了在热原子系统中利用多光子激发消除多普勒展宽以及采用冷原子消除多普勒展宽对于提升微波测量灵敏度的潜在优势,提出未来可利用里德堡原子的高轨道角动量态、强关联等特性进一步提升里德堡原子微波电场传感器性能。This paper introduces the principles of the Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensor,elucidating the technical features of measuring the information of microwave electric field strength,phase,polarization,and frequency based on Rydberg atoms.Then it analyzes the current state of microwave full-information measurement based on Rydberg atoms and discusses the challenges faced by absolute self-calibration measurements and continuous broadband high-sensitivity measurements.It points out that measurement sensitivity enhancement and continuous broadband frequency measurement can be achieved through external field modulation.Various modulation and demodulation techniques are suggested to simplify phase and polarization measurements and data reading.The paper also explores the potential advantages to eliminate Doppler broadening effect by adopting multiphoton excitation in atomic vapor cell systems and adopting cold atomic systems to enhance microwave measurement sensitivity.It proposes the possibility for future exploration of such characteristics of Rydberg atoms as high orbital angular momentum states and strong correlations to further improve the performance of Rydberg atom microwave electric field sensors.

关 键 词：微波电场传感器 里德堡原子 电磁感应透明 

分 类 号：TB939[一般工业技术—计量学] TP212[机械工程—测试计量技术及仪器] O56[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]