体育赛事转播合同中的风险逻辑与因应之策  

Risk Logic and Countermeasures of Sports Event Broadcasting Contract

作　　者：刘子涵 LIU Zihan(School of Law,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院,天津300350

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2024年第2期204-210,共7页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

摘　　要：体育赛事转播合同通常履行期限较长且标的额较大。若因外来事件影响合同履行,赛事组织者与转播方出于不同的利益考量,对合同关系应走向何处也存在不同理解,由此引发的纠纷在国内外司法实践中均不鲜见。在性质上,体育赛事转播合同属于合同内容并不确定的继续性合同,遭遇无法预见的风险系属常态,风险现实化后所造成的合同履行障碍在程度上一般不会达到完全和永久意义上的履行不能。优质体育赛事的稀缺性更导致我国体育赛事转播权销售市场中签订与续约的话语权多掌握在赛事组织者手中,转播方通常会承担更多无法预见的风险。为解决并预防由此产生的纠纷,一方面,当纠纷发生在我国时,需要在事后救济层面妥善适用情事变更规则,矫正合同履行过程中出现的实质不公平;另一方面,由于《民法典》第533条为情事变更规则设置了严格的构成要件,因此我国体育赛事组织者与转播方需要在事先条款安排层面对风险分配条款的制定予以更多关注。在平衡赛事组织者与转播方谈判地位的基础上,赛事组织者、转播方可以通过制定“重大不利变化条款”(MAC条款),寻找合适的风险阀值,合理分配双方当事人无法预见的风险,尽可能实现合同当事人的双赢,推动体育产业发展。Sports event broadcasting contracts usually have a long performance period and a huge amount of money.If external events affect the performance of the contract,the organizer and the broadcaster have different understandings of where the contractual relationship should go out based on different interests consideration,the disputes anising therefrom are not uncommon in domestic and foreign judicial practice.In nature,sports event broadcasting contracts are continuing contracts with uncertain content,encountering unforeseeable risks is the nommal situation,and the obstacles to contract performance caused by the realization of risks generally do not reach the extent of full and permanent performance.The scarcity of high-quality sports events has led to the fact that the right to sign and renew contracts in China’s sports event broadcasting rights sales market is mostly in the hands of event organizers,and broadcasters usually bear more unforeseen risks.In order to resolve and prevent the resulting disputes,on the one hand,when the dispute occurs in China,it is necessary to properly apply the change of circumstances rule at the level of post-event relief to correct the substantive unfaimess in the process of contract performance.On the other hand,Article 533 of the Civil Code sets strict constituent elements for the change of circumstances rule.Therefore,China's sports event organizers and broadcasters need to pay more attention to the formulation of risk allocation clauses at the level of prior clause arrangements.On the basis of balancing the negotiating position of event organizers and broadcasters,event organizers and broadcasters can find appropriate risk thresholds by formulating“material adverse change clauses”(MAC clauses),and reasonably allocate risks that cannot be foreseen by both parties,so as to achieve a win-win situation for the parties to the contract as much as possible and promote the development of the sports industry.

关 键 词：体育赛事转播合同 风险 情事变更 MAC条款 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]