北京地区桦树花粉过敏原致敏蛋白组分研究  

Study on allergen components of birch pollen in Beijing area

作　　者：王晓艳 丁佳琪 陈力嘉 王洪田 王学艳 WANG Xiaoyan;DING Jiaqi;CHEN Lijia;WANG Hongtian;WANG Xueyan(Department of Allergy,Beijing Shijitan Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing,100038,China;Department of Otolaryngology,Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University;Department of Otolaryngology,Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Che Medical University)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院变态反应科,北京100038 [2]青岛大学附属青岛妇女儿童医院耳鼻喉科 [3]过敏性疾病北京市实验室

出　　处：《临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志》2024年第3期195-199,共5页Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head And Neck Surgery

基　　金：北京市卫健委首发专项(No:2022-2-2082);北京市高层次公共卫生技术人才建设项目(No:学科骨干-02-36);中国铁路集团公司科技课题(No:J2021Z603);北京市医管中心培育计划(No:PX2022030);海淀区卫健委培育计划(No:HP2022-03-506001)。

摘　　要：目的研究北京地区桦树花粉过敏的主要致敏蛋白组分及其临床意义。方法采用横断面研究的方法将58例桦树花粉过敏的患者纳入研究。根据临床表现分为变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)和过敏性哮喘(allergic asthma,AA)组。采用ImmunoCAP荧光酶联免疫法检测患者血清桦树花粉sIgE浓度,以及桦树花粉主要致敏蛋白组分Bet v 1,Bet v 2,Bet v 4,Bet v 6 sIgE浓度并分级。分析桦树花粉和各组分蛋白sIgE在AR和AA中的差异。结果入组患者中,AR为44例(75.9%),AA为14例(24.1%)。单独春季花粉过敏的18例患者全部为AR患者,无AA患者。春秋季花粉过敏的患者共计40例,其中AR为26例(65%);AA为14例(35%)。58例纳入研究的患者均为桦树花粉sIgE 2级及以上阳性。4种桦树花粉的致敏蛋白组分中,对任意一种桦树花粉蛋白组分阳性占94.8%。单一组分致敏占77.6%;2种组分致敏占17.2%。Bet v 1和(或)Bet v 2阳性率为93.1%。4种蛋白组分的阳性率依次为:Bet v 1(82.8%)、Bet v 2(29.3%)、Bet v 6(1.7%)、Bet v 4(0)。桦树花粉sIgE和Bet v 1的sIgE级别呈显著正相关性(r=0.898,P<0.001)。Bet v 2的sIgE浓度在AA组显著高于AR组[(4.34±14.35)kUA/L vs(1.56±3.26)kUA/L,P<0.05],其他组分无显著性差异。结论北京地区桦树花粉的主要致敏蛋白组分为Bet v 1,桦树花粉组分蛋白以单一致敏为主,Bet v 1联合Bet v 2检测可诊断90%以上的桦树花粉过敏患者。Objective To explore the allergen components of birch pollen in the Beijing area and interpret its clinical significance.Methods A total of 58 patients with birch pollen allergy were included in the cross-sectional study and divided into allergic rhinitis(AR)and allergic asthma(AA)groups according to clinical manifestations.Concentration of birch pollen allergen sIgE,as well as Bet v 1,Bet v 2,Bet v 4 and Bet v 6 sIgE were detected by ImmunoCAP immunolinked immunoassay.Differences of sIgE concentration of birch pollen allergen component in AR and AA were analyzed.Results There were 44(75.9%)cases of AR and 14(24.1%)cases of AA were enrolled.All the 18 patients with spring pollen allergy were AR patients without AA.There were 40 cases with both spring and autumn pollen allergy,of which 26 cases(65%)were AR and 14 cases(35%)were AA.The sIgE of birch pollen allergen was level 2 or above in all subjects.94.8%were positive for any four allergen components.77.6%were mono-sensitized to any allergen component while 17.2%were dual-sensitized.The positive rate of Bet v 1 and/or Bet v 2 was 93.1%.The positive rates of four protein components were:Bet v 1(82.8%),Bet v 2(29.3%),Bet v 6(1.7%),Bet v 4(0%).sIgE of birch pollen was positively correlated with sIgE level of Betv 1(r=0.898,P<0.001).The sIgE concentration of Bet v2 in AA group was significantly higher than that in AR group([4.34±14.35]kUA/L vs[1.56±3.26]kUA/L,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in other components.Conclusion Bet v 1 is the main allergen component of birch pollen in the Beijing area,and Bet v 1 plus Bet v 2 can diagnose more than 90%of birch pollen allergy.

关 键 词：花粉过敏 桦树花粉 致敏组分蛋白 Bet v 1 Bet v 2 

分 类 号：R392.8[医药卫生—免疫学]