兆瓦级锂冷空间核反应堆电源方案设计与研发进展  

Design and R&D of megawatt lithium-cooled space nuclear reactor

作　　者：吴宜灿 刘超[2,4] 金鸣 陈建伟 张勇 吴庆生 洒荣园 柏云清 李春京 蒋洁琼 宋勇[1,5] 胡丽琴 王芳 谈鹏[6] 翁娜 江新标 高扬 周新贵 郑友琦 鹿鹏[12] 张智刚[13] 郝祖龙[14] 殷园[15] WU YiCan;LIU Chao;JIN Ming;CHEN JianWei;ZHANG Yong;WU Qingsheng;SA Rong Yuan;BAI YunQing;LI Chunjing;JIANG JieQiong;SONG Yong;HU LiQin;WANG Fang;TAN Peng;WENG Na;JIANG XinBiao;GAO Yang;ZHOU XinGui;ZHENG YouQi;LU Peng;ZHANG ZhiGang;HAO ZuLong;YIN Yuan(International Academy of Neutron Science,Qingdao 266199,China;International Academy of Neutron Science(Chongqing),Chongqing 401331,China;International Academy of Neutron Science(Hefei),Hefei 230001,China;China Super Nuclear Technology Co,Ltd.,Hefei 230001,China;Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research Design Institute,Shanghai 200233,China;Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology,Xi'an 710024,China;Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China;Io Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073,China;School of Nuclear Science and Technology,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China;College of Energy and Power Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China;School of Nuclear Science and Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Bejing 102206,China;School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China;Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology,Shandong University,Jinan 250012,China)

机构地区：[1]中子科学国际研究院,青岛266199 [2]中子科学(重庆)研究院有限公司,重庆401331 [3]中子科学研究院(合肥)有限公司,合肥230001 [4]安徽中科超核科技有限公司,合肥230001 [5]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院,合肥230001 [6]中国科学技术大学,合肥230026 [7]上海核工程研究设计院有限公司,上海200233 [8]西北核技术研究院,西安710024 [9]中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心,北京100094 [10]国防科技大学新型陶瓷纤维及其复合材料重点实验室,长沙410073 [11]西安交通大学核科学与技术学院,西安710049 [12]南京航空航天大学能源与动力学院,南京210016 [13]哈尔滨工程大学核安全与仿真技术国防重点学科实验室,哈尔滨150001 [14]华北电力大学核科学与工程学院,北京102206 [15]深圳大学物理与光电工程学院,深圳518060 [16]山东大学核科学技术研究院,济南250012

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2024年第3期365-376,共12页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2018YFB1900600)资助。

摘　　要：空间核反应堆电源因具有能量密度大、输出功率高、持续时间长、环境适应性强等优势,是未来大功率长寿期航天任务及深空探测任务能源供应的优选路线.本文在分析兆瓦级空间堆电源研发需求与选型特点的基础上,提出并设计了一套兆瓦级小型锂冷空间堆电源技术方案,该方案采用锂冷反应堆与布雷顿发电系统耦合,具有轻量化、长寿命等特点.本文针对该方案梳理了所涉及的关键技术,介绍了在技术分析论证、相关验证样机和实验平台研制的进展情况,并在此基础上提出我国未来发展大功率空间堆电源的建议.Space nuclear reactor power,with the advantages of high energy density,high output power,long duration,and minimal influence from the external environment,is the preferred route for energy supply for future high-power long-life space missions and deep space exploration missions.Based on the developmental requirements and characteristics of different design options for megawatt-class space nuclear reactors,a technical scheme for a megawatt-class small lithium-cooled space reactor is designed.This scheme uses a lithium-cooled reactor coupled with a Brayton power conversion system that is lightweight and durable.The key technologies involved in the design are reviewed.Developmental progress of technical analysis and demonstration,verification prototype systems,and experimental platforms is presented.Suggestions and comments for developing high-power space nuclear power in China in the futureare presented.

关 键 词：空间核反应堆 锂冷反应堆 布雷顿发电 

分 类 号：TL413.33[核科学技术—核技术及应用]