油茶壳-蚕沙堆肥过程中理化参数变化及其腐熟度评价  

Changes of physicochemical properties and maturity evaluation of camellia oleifera shel and silkworm excrement co-composting

作　　者：蒋越华[1] 范稚莲[2] 黄海连 李鸿[1] 杨丹亚 莫良玉[2] JIANG Yuehua;FAN Zhilian;HUANG Hailian;LI Hong;YANG Danya;MO Liangyu(Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute,Nanning 530001,China;Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Wuzhou Vocational College,Wuzhou 543002,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所,广西南宁530001 [2]广西大学,广西南宁530004 [3]梧州职业学院,广西梧州543002

出　　处：《磷肥与复肥》2024年第2期12-16,25,共6页Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB21220041)。

摘　　要：对油茶壳和蚕沙按照不同配比进行好氧堆肥处理,探讨堆肥过程中理化参数变化,并选取≥50℃高温持续时间、碳氮质量比、种子发芽指数为评价指标,运用灰色关联分析法进行堆肥腐熟度评价。结果表明:添加蚕沙的处理其pH为中性或弱碱性,且最高温度、≥50℃高温持续时间及阳离子交换量均高于对照;发酵后各处理碳氮质量比均有明显降低,阳离子交换量随发酵进程总体呈上升趋势,种子发芽指数均在70%以上,对植物毒性小;灰色关联分析结果显示,堆肥40 d时,初始碳氮质量比为20处理完全腐熟,初始碳氮质量比为25处理达到较好腐熟,其余处理全程未腐熟。综上所述,添加蚕沙能有效促进油茶壳腐解,初始碳氮质量比在20~25为宜。Camellia oleifera shell and silkworm excrement are mixed and aerobic composted according to different ratios,and the changes of physicochemical properties during composting process are monitored.The duration of high temperature≥50 ℃,mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen and seed germination index are selected to evaluate composting maturity by grey correlation analysis method.The results show that the pH of the treatments with silkworm excrement addition are neutral or weakly alkaline,and the maximum temperature,duration of high temperature≥50℃ and cation exchange capacity(CEC)are higher than that of control;Mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen of each treatment decreases significantly after fermentation,CEC increases with the fermentation process,and the seed germination index is above 70%,which shows litle toxicity to plants.Grey correlation analysis results show that after 40 days of composting,the treatment with initial mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen of 20 reaches complete maturity,and the treatment with initial mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen of 25 reaches better maturity,while the remaining treatments are not fully matured throughout the process.In summary,adding silkworm excrement can effectively accelerate the decomposition of camellia oleifera shells,and it is advisable to adjust the initial mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen to 20-25.

关 键 词：油茶壳 蚕沙 堆肥 理化参数 腐熟度 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]