粤北土话日内时间表达及其来源  

The Daily Time Expression System and Its Origin in Yuebei

作　　者：黄希悦 Huang Xiyue(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875

出　　处：《现代语文》2024年第2期10-18,共9页Modern Chinese

基　　金：北京师范大学博一学科交叉基金资助项目“语言文化视角下民族地区义务教育阶段汉语词汇偏误与使用倾向研究”(BNUZHXKJC-22)。

摘　　要：在粤北土话韶州片和连州片13个方言点中,日内时间词核心构词语素“早”“朝”“昼”“晏”“夜”“晡”呈现出显著的分布差异。根据这些核心构词语素的分布,可以将粤北土话时间词分为两种类型:主要分布在韶州片的昼夜系和主要分布在连州片的晏晡系。从汉语历代文献和现代方言的情况来看,构词语素“朝”“昼”“晏”“晡”均是古语词,并且是典型的南方方言语素。而特征构词方式“早/夜+经验性事件”和“方位义成分+方位义成分”在现代方言中比较罕见,应该是粤北土话的自主创新。从粤北土话日内时间表达与其他方言的比较来看,粤北土话可能与客家话存在着较为密切的历史关系。Tuhua Huang Xiyue(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)Abstract:The core morphemes for time words in the Shaozhou and Lianzhou subgroups of Yuebei Tuhua,which consist of“zao(早)”,“zhao(朝)”,“zhou(昼)”,“yan(晏)”,“ye(夜)”,and“bu(晡)”,exhibit significant distributional differences across thirteen dialectal points.Based on the distribution of these core morphemes,Yuebei Tuhua time words can be classified into two main categories:the“zhou-ye(昼夜)”series which is primarily found in Shaozhou subgroup,and the“yan-bu(晏晡)”series which is predominantly present in the Lianzhou subgroup.When examining historical Chinese texts and contemporary dialects,it becomes evident that the characteristic morphemes“zhao(朝)”,“zhou(昼)”,“yan(晏)”,and“bu(晡)”are from ancient Chinese,and are typical morphemes in Southern Chinese dialects.Furthermore,the characteristic word formation patterns,involving“zao(早)/ye(夜)+experiential event”and“locational component+locational component”,are relatively uncommon in modern dialects,suggesting an independent innovation within Yuebei Tuhua.Comparing with the time expression system in other dialects,it is plausible that Yuebei Tuhua has a close historical relationship with Hakka.

关 键 词：粤北土话 时间词 时间表达系统 韶州片 连州片 客家话 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]