起爆顺序对台阶岩石破碎块度及爆破振动影响研究  

Study on influence of initiation sequence on fragmentation of step rock and blasting vibration

作　　者：段继超 宗琦[1] 汪海波[1] 王浩 DUAN Jichao;ZONG Qi;WANG Haibo;WANG Hao(College of Civil Architecture,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan Anhui 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学土木建筑学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2024年第2期192-199,共8页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：安徽高校自然科学研究项目(2023AH051167)。

摘　　要：为探究起爆顺序对露天台阶岩石破碎效果以及周围环境的影响,利用LS-DYNA仿真软件分别计算不同起爆顺序下的台阶爆破模型。分析不同起爆顺序下模型的物理力学特征;开展现场试验验证模拟结果,并分析起爆顺序对爆破振动强度及岩石破碎块度的影响特征。研究结果表明:起爆顺序对爆破过程中自由面空间分布产生影响,从而改变应力波的叠加效应,不同起爆顺序下台阶破碎效果及爆破振动强度表现出明显差异。逐孔起爆技术能够有效降低爆破振动,从而减轻对周围环境的不良影响,但其岩石破碎效果并不理想,岩石通过率为81.52%。与逐孔起爆相比,波浪式顺序起爆碎石通过率提高11.68%,增大孔网参数至3 m×7 m时单孔崩落矿量提高16.8%,这可以有效减少炸药消耗量,降低综合成本。然而,其产生的爆破振动强度较大,需要注意对周围环境的影响。In order to explore the influence of initiation sequence on the crushing effect of open steps and the surrounding environment,the LS-DYNA simulation software was used to calculate the step blasting model under different initiation sequences.First,the physical and mechanical characteristics of the model under different initiation orders were analyzed.Then,the field test was conducted to verify the simulation results and study the influence of the initiation sequence on the blasting vibration strength and rock crushing degree.The results show that the stacking effect,which changes the stress wave,shows the breaking effect and blasting vibration strength.The hole-by-hole blasting technology can effectively reduce the blasting vibration so as to reduce the adverse effects on the surrounding environment,but the rock-crushing effect is not ideal;the rock passing rate is 81.52%.Compared with the hole-by-hole blasting,the passing rate of wave sequential blasting gravel is increased by 11.68%,and the amount of single-hole collapse is increased by 16.8%when the hole net parameter is increased to 3 m×7 m,which effectively reduces the explosive consumption and reduces the comprehensive cost.However,it produces a large blasting vibration strength,which needs to pay attention to the impact on the surrounding environment.

关 键 词：起爆顺序 台阶爆破 破碎块度 爆破振动 数值模拟 

分 类 号：X936[环境科学与工程—安全科学]