海南热带雨林不同林分凋落物储量及其持水特性  

Litter Accumulation and Water Retention Characteristics of Different Stands of Tropical Rainforest in Hainan

作　　者：程思源 陈俏艳 乔栋 戴黎聪 Cheng Siyuan;Chen Qiaoyan;Qiao Dong;Dai Licong(College of Ecology and Environment,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学生态与环境学院,海口570228

出　　处：《热带地理》2024年第4期700-708,共9页Tropical Geography

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(422QN264);海南省“南海新星”科技创新人才平台项目(NHXXRCXM202303);国家自然科学基金项目(42207524);海南大学科研启动基金[KYQD(ZR)-22085]。

摘　　要：以海南热带雨林地区3种典型林分——橡胶林、原始林和次生林为研究对象,通过测定其凋落物储量、持水量、持水率及凋落物吸水速率,探究热带雨林不同林分凋落物储量及持水特性。结果表明:1)原始林的凋落物储量(2.791 t/hm^(2))最大,显著高于次生林(2.077 t/hm^(2))和橡胶林(1.660 t/hm^(2),P<0.05)。2)对于凋落物持水量和持水率,原始林和次生林均随着浸水时间的变化而增大,原始林的凋落物持水量和持水率高于次生林,随后趋于相对平稳,而橡胶林凋落物持水量和持水率随着浸水时间无明显趋势。整体而言,各林分凋落物吸水速率与浸水时间之间的关系呈较好的幂函数关系。3种林型最大持水量表现为:原始林(8.041 t/hm^(2))>次生林(6.251 t/hm^(2))>橡胶林(4.896 t/hm^(2));3)对于吸水速率和失水速率而言,失水率表现为:橡胶林>次生林>原始林;最大失水量表现为原始林(5.225 t/hm^(2))>次生林(4.626 t/hm^(2))>橡胶林(4.079 t/hm^(2)),而最大失水率表现为:橡胶林(246.319%)>次生林(222.649%)>原始林(189.748%);4)因原始林凋落物储量最大,其最大拦蓄量和有效拦蓄量均表现为原始林>次生林>橡胶林;最大拦蓄率和有效拦蓄率均表现为原始林≈橡胶林>次生林。综上,不同林分凋落物储量和持水性存在显著差异,原始林凋落物相比于其他2种林分具有较高凋落物储量和凋落物持水量以及较低的失去率,表明热带原始林凋落物的累积对于调节森林水量和减弱地表径流的发生具有重要作用。As the final layer for precipitation interception in forests,the litter layer is crucial to the vertical structure of forest ecosystems,situated between the forest vegetation and soil layers.Exploring the litter accumulation and water retention characteristics in different tropical rainforest stands is essential for assessing their water conservation functions.This study focused on three forest stands(primary forest,secondary forest,and rubber plantation)within Qixianling Hot Springs National Forest Park in Hainan,China.The immersion method was used to measure litter accumulation and water retention characteristics,exploring variations among these forest stands.Results revealed(1)significant differences in litter accumulation among the stands,with the primary forest having the highest litter accumulation(2.791 t/hm^(2)),followed by the secondary forest(2.077 t/hm^(2))and rubber plantation(1.660 t/hm^(2)).Litter moisture content followed the order:primary forest(57.57%)>secondary forest(48.33%)>rubber plantation(46.44%).(2)Regarding water retention and water retention rate,both primary and secondary forests showed an increasing trend with immersion time,with the primary forest exhibiting higher water retention and retention rates than the secondary forest.In contrast,rubber plantations showed no clear trends in water retention or retention rates over time.The relation between litter water absorption rate and immersion time followed a well-fitted power function.The maximum water retention capacities were in the order of primary forest(8.041 t/hm^(2))>secondary forest(6.251 t/hm^(2))>rubber plantation(4.896 t/hm^(2)).(3)In terms of water absorption and water loss rates,the rubber plantation had the highest water loss rate,followed by the secondary forest and the primary forest.The maximum water loss was observed in the primary forest(5.225 t/hm^(2))>secondary forest(4.626 t/hm^(2))>rubber plantation(4.079 t/hm^(2)),and the maximum water loss rates followed the order:rubber plantation(246.319%)>secondary forest(222.6

关 键 词：凋落物储量 热带雨林 持水量 吸水速率 有效拦蓄 海南 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]