全球价值链异质性嵌入、偏向型技术进步与劳动收入份额下降  

Heterogeneous Embedding in Global Value Chains,Biased Technological Progress,and the Decline of Labor Income Share

作　　者：高运胜[1] 杜晓晴 杨晨 GAO Yunsheng;DU Xiaoqing;YANG Chen

机构地区：[1]上海对外经贸大学国际经贸学院

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2024年第2期107-125,共19页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：研究阐释党的十九届六中全会精神国家社会科学基金重大项目“构建面向全球的高标准自由贸易区网络研究”(22ZDA062);国家社会科学基金课题“双向FDI促进‘双循环’新格局构建的理论机制与实现路径研究”(22BJL104)。

摘　　要：20世纪中期以来,全球主要国家劳动收入份额下降已成为不争的事实,但其内在影响机制值得进一步探究。本文从全球价值链(GVC)异质性嵌入与技术进步偏向性的视角对劳动收入份额下降这一现象进行理论解释和经验验证。研究结果表明:提高GVC嵌入度显著降低了劳动收入份额,并且GVC后向参与比前向参与的作用更强;GVC后向参与对发达国家、资本密集型行业的劳动收入份额下降影响更明显,而劳动密集型行业受前向参与的抑制性影响更大;机制检验发现,GVC双向参与深化引发了技术进步更多地偏向于资本要素,这是劳动收入份额下降的重要原因。为降低参与价值链分工对劳动收入份额的负面影响,本文从提升人力资本水平,扩大前向GVC参与及加快产业结构转型等视角提出相关的政策建议。The persistent decline in the share of labor income within major global economies since the mid-20th century presents a notable trend.The underlying mechanisms driving this trend merit detailed investigation.This study explores and empirically validates this decline from the perspectives of heterogeneous embedding in global value chains(GVCs)and technological progress bias.Our findings reveal that increased embedding in GVCs significantly reduces the labor income share,with the impact being more pronounced in backward GVC participation than in forward participation.Specifically,in developed nations and capital-intensive sectors,the decrease in labor income share is more prominently influenced by backward GVC participation,while in labor-intensive sectors,forward participation exerts a greater suppressive effect.Additionally,this study highlights that technological advancements,encouraged by deeper involvement in both aspects of GVCs,tend to favor capital over labor.This capital bias is identified as a critical factor in diminishing the labor income share.To mitigate the negative impacts on labor income share resulting from GVC participation,this paper proposes policy recommendations aimed at improving human capital,expanding forward GVC participation,and accelerating industrial structural transformation.

关 键 词：全球价值链异质性嵌入 劳动收入份额 技术进步偏向性 

分 类 号：F244[经济管理—劳动经济]