黄土高原生态林耗水深度和深层耗水量研究  

Depth and Amount of Deep Soil Water Consumption in Ecological Forests on the Loess Plateau

作　　者：孟廷芳 陈光杰 武文杰[6] 李敏 司炳成[7] 冯浩 MENG Ting-fang;CHEN Guang-jie;WU Wen-jie;LI Min;SI Bing-cheng;FENG Hao(The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;College of water resources and architectural engineering northwest A&F university,Yangling 712100,China;College of Forestry Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China;Department of Soil Science University of Saskatchewan,Saskatoon S7N5A8,Canada)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [5]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [6]中南林业科技大学林学院,湖南长沙410004 [7]萨斯喀彻温大学土壤科学系,萨斯卡通S7N5A8

出　　处：《土壤通报》2024年第1期50-56,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41630860);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41877017)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨黄土高原生态林耗水深度和深层耗水量,以明确黄土高原生态林的耗水规律。【方法】选取延安地区16年生的侧柏、沙棘和刺槐三种常见的黄土高原生态林种,以土钻法获取不同生态林和草地的土壤水分含量。首先基于年际的土壤水分含量确定生态林的土壤水分活跃层;其次,基于>25 m深剖面的土壤水分数据来确定三种生态林的耗水深度和深层耗水量,并分析不同土层的耗水速率。【结果】依据年际土壤水分含量变化,2 m土层为该地区土壤水分活跃层。侧柏、沙棘和刺槐的最大耗水深度分别为12.0 m、12.2 m和23.2 m,其16年内耗水总量分别为304 mm、664 mm和1763 mm。刺槐的深层土壤耗水速率最大,为110 mm a^(−1);其次为沙棘,为42 mm a^(−1);最小为侧柏,为19 mm a^(−1)。在2~10 m土层刺槐的耗水量仅占总耗水量的44%。【结论】探究黄土高原生态林的耗水量需要根据生态林物种的耗水特性选择合适取样土层深度。[Objective]It is important to clarify the water consumption pattern of ecological forests in Loess Plateau for water resources management.However,it is limited to the sampling depth,and there is a lack of research on the depth and amount of maximum water consumption for ecological forests.[Method]Three common ecological forest species of Loess Plateau,namely,16-year-old Platycladus orientalis,Hippophae rhamnoides,and Robinia pseudoacacia in Yan'an,were selected.Soil water contents under different ecological forests and natural grassland were obtained by hand-made auger.Firstly,the active soil water layer of the ecological forests was determined based on the annual seasonal soil water content change.Secondly,the water consumption depth and amount of the three ecological forests were determined based on the soil water contents in the soil depth profile(>25 m)compared with grassland.Finally,the rate of water consumption of ecological forests from different soil layers was analyzed.[Result]The active soil water layer was considered in 2 m depth through seasonal soil water changes in Yan’an area.The more water consumption depths were 12.0 m,12.2 m and 23.2 m with the water consumption amounts of 269 mm,664 mm and 1727 mm for Platycladus orientalis,Hippophae rhamnoides,and Robinia pseudoacacia,respectively.The deep soil water consumption rate of Robinia pseudoacacia was the highest,which was 108 mm yr−1,followed by Hippophae rhamnoides(42 mm a^(−1))and Platycladus orientalis(17 mm a^(−1)).The water consumption amount from the 2-10 m soil layer of Robinia pseudoacacia only accounted for 45%of the total water consumption.[Conclusion]We need to select the appropriate sampling depth of soil layer according to the water consumption characteristics of ecological forest species.

关 键 词：深层土壤水 深根植物 土壤干层 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]