基于最小数据集的不同有机物料还田黑土土壤质量评价  

Soil Quality Evaluation of Black Soil under Different Returning Treatments of Organic Materials Based on Minimum Data Set

作　　者：王艺霖 梁尧[2] 蔡红光[2] 徐康宁 张水梅 张畅[2] 范围 袁静超[2] 刘剑钊[2] 任军[2] WANG Yi-lin;LIANG Yao;CAI Hong-Guang;XU Kang-ning;ZHANG Shui-mei;ZHANG Chang;FAN Wei;YUAN Jing-chao;LIU Jian-zhao;REN Jun(Academy of Resource and Environment,Jilin Agriculture University,Changchun 130118,China;Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northeast Region,MOA.Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,吉林长春130118 [2]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,农业部东北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《土壤通报》2024年第1期68-75,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：吉林农业科技创新工程(CXGC202110GH,CXGC2021ZD001);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-07-G-6);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20200403167SF)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同种类有机物料还田对黑土质量的影响,并对土壤质量进行量化评价,为黑土资源的可持续利用提供理论依据。【方法】基于黑土区中部多年定位试验,选取无肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、化肥配施玉米秸秆(NPK+JG)、化肥配施堆肥(NPK+DF)、化肥配施牛粪(NPK+NF)、化肥配施鸡粪(NPK+JF)和化肥配施猪粪(NPK+ZF)7个处理,研究不同种类有机物料还田后耕层(0~20 cm)土壤基本理化指标的变化,建立了土壤质量评价全量数据集,通过主成分分析法和皮尔森分析法筛选出最小数据集,计算各处理土壤质量指数(SQI)。【结果】不同种类有机物料对土壤基本理化指标的影响各异,NPK+DF处理土壤有机质与活性有机质含量显著高于其他处理,土壤全氮和全磷含量的最高值分别出现在NPK+DF和NPK+JF处理。土壤质量评价最小数据集是由全磷、容重和阳离子交换量三项指标组成。基于最小数据集计算出的土壤质量指数高低表现为:NPK+JF(0.780)>NPK+ZF(0.765)>NPK+DF(0.741)>NPK+NF(0.735)>NPK+JG(0.699)>NPK(0.503)>CK(0.292),表明增施有机物料处理中,NPK+JF和NPK+ZF处理土壤质量水平较高,NPK+DF和NPK+NF处理居中,NPK+JG处理相对较低。【结论】化肥配施有机物料是提升东北地区黑土土壤质量的有效途径,增施鸡粪、猪粪对土壤质量的改善效果优于堆肥、牛粪和秸秆。[Objective]The effects of different kinds of organic materials returning to field on black soil quality were studied,and the soil quality was quantitatively evaluated,which provided theoretical basis for sustainable utilization of black soil resources.[Method]This research was based on the black soil field experiment in the middle of Jilin Province.Seven treatments were selected as follow:no fertilizer(CK),single fertilizer(NPK),fertilizer combined with corn straw(NPK+JG),fertilizer combined with compost(NPK+DF),fertilizer combined with cow manure(NPK+NF),fertilizer combined with chicken manure(NPK+JF)and fertilizer combined with pig manure(NPK+ZF).The thirteen basic physical and chemical indices of topsoil layer(0-20 cm)under different kinds of organic materials returned to the field were measured.The changes of soil parameters after organic material treatments were described,and the full data set for soil quality evaluation was established.The minimum data set was selected by principal component analysis and Pearson analysis,so that the soil quality index(SQI)of each treatment was calculated.[Result]The different kinds of organic materials had different effects on soil basic physical and chemical indices.The contents of soil organic matter and active organic matter in NPK+DF treatment were significantly higher than those in other treatments,while the highest values of total nitrogen and total phosphorus appeared in NPK+DF and NPK+JF treatments,respectively.The minimum data set of soil quality evaluation was composed of three indices:total phosphorus,bulk density and cation exchange capacity.The soil quality index calculated based on the minimum data set is as follows:NPK+JF(0.780)>NPK+ZF(0.765)>NPK+DF(0.741)>NPK+NF(0.735)>NPK+JG(0.699)>NPK(0.503)>CK(0.292).Greater soil quality level was found in chicken manure or pig manure combined with chemical fertilizer treatments,followed by compost or cow manure combined with chemical fertilizer treatments,the lowest soil quality level was observed in straw combined with

关 键 词：黑土 秸秆 畜禽粪肥 土壤质量 土壤质量指数 最小数据集 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]