行政犯修正后适用溯及力出罪化研究——从辽宁两司机未报备行程获刑案谈起  

Study on the Decriminalization with the Application of Retroactivity after the Amendment to Administrative Crimes:With the Case of Two Drivers in Liaoning Who were Sentenced due to the Lack of Travel Reporting

作　　者：艾丹 李光宇[1] AI Dan;LI Guangyu(Law School,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学法学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《合肥工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期134-144,共11页Journal of Hefei University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：安徽省侦查逻辑办案研究会研究课题(AHZC2022C03)。

摘　　要：我国刑法溯及力适用受既判力限制,新法出罪化规定效力低于裁判既判力。若出现既判力价值消减至难以完备保障人权、追求效益,就应重新审视并适当扩充溯及力的机能价值。行政犯法益目标区别于自然犯,使行政性构成要素应受国家刑罚权审慎解释与评价。行政犯的减轻修正变更法益保护目的,将直接导致行政犯被告人预防刑必要性丧失,成为适用溯及力出罪化的刑罚论基础。具体的出罪化构想为:将因前置法规则修改实现的行政犯修正类比判决生效后出台的行政犯司法解释,允许行政犯被告人以“法律适用错误”申请刑事再审,增设行政犯的处罚阻却事由,由法院酌情参照新法规定或不予追究刑事责任,或裁定减刑免刑,但仍需保证民事责任、行政责任的追究。The application of retroactivity of criminal law is limited by the res judicata in China.The effect of the decriminalization provisions of the new law is inferior to the res judicata of the judge.If the value of res judicata is reducing to the extent that it is difficult to fully protect human rights and to pursue benefits,we should reevaluate and properly expand the function value of retroactivity.The legal interest of administrative crime is different from that of natural crime,which makes the administrative crime elements should be carefully interpreted and evaluated by the national penalty power.The mitigation of administrative crime provisions changes the protective intention of legal interests,which directly leads to the lack of the necessity of preventive punishment for administrative offenders and defendants,becoming the basic theory of penalty for decriminalization with the application of retroactivity.The specific idea is:the mitigation of administrative crimes due to the revision of the administrative regulations should be analogized to the judicial interpretation of administrative crimes issued after the judgment comes into force.Administrative offenders and defendants should be allowed to apply for criminal retrial on the grounds of “misapplication of law”.The impediment of illegality in administrative crime legislation should be added.The court could decide not to pursue criminal responsibility,order pardon or commutation of the sentence,referring to the provisions of the new law and facts.The investigation of civil liability and administrative liability are still need to be ensured.

关 键 词：行政犯修正 溯及力 既判力 出罪化 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]