不同桑树品种对桑螟侵害的抵抗能力调查与分析  

Investigation and Experimental Analysis of the Resistance of Different Mulberry Varieties to Glyphodes pyloalis

作　　者：宋长贵 宋志光 赵珮 黄传书 杨碧文 SONG Changgui;SONG Zhiguang;ZHAO Pei;HUANG Chuanshu;YANG Biwen(Chongqing Sericulture Science and Technology Research Institute,Chongqing 400799,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市蚕业科学技术研究院,重庆400799

出　　处：《蚕学通讯》2024年第1期1-5,共5页Newsletter of Sericultural Science

基　　金：重庆市科研机构绩效激励专项(cstc2022jxjl80010,cstc2021jxjl80002)。

摘　　要：桑螟(Glyphodespyloalis Walker)是严重危害桑树的主要害虫之一,一旦暴发成灾会给蚕桑生产造成重大经济损失。为了筛选出对桑螟侵害有较强抵抗能力的桑品种,在田间调查桑螟发生规律及对8个桑品种的危害率基础上,进一步在室内观察比较了桑螟分别取食8个桑品种的叶片后其生长发育受到的影响。田间调查结果显示,桑螟在重庆市北碚区一年中总共有5个成虫羽化高峰期,大致出现在4月21日、6月16日、8月中旬、9月中旬、10月20日;桑螟对桑品种塔桑、蒙桑、孟简3号、德昌长果、东光小白和沙漠果桑的危害率显著低于对火桑和葫芦桑的危害率。室内饲养观察获得的桑螟发育历期显示,取食不同桑品种的叶片后,桑螟的平均幼虫期经过时间开差较大,取食蒙桑(16.06d)、孟简3号(15.09d)和德昌长果(14.91d)叶片的平均幼虫期经过时间显著长于取食火桑(13.75d)、葫芦桑(13.80d)和沙漠果桑(14.03d)叶片的经过时间,对蛹期和成虫期经过时间的影响差异不显著,但取食孟简3号和蒙桑叶片后的化蛹率最低(58.33%),且羽化成虫的数量均低于31头。综上所述,孟简3号和蒙桑对桑螟的侵害具有一定的抵抗性,有进一步研究后筛选成为抗虫桑品种的潜力。Glyphodes pyloalis Walker is one of the major pests that seriously harm mulberry,and its outbreak would cause significant economic losses to sericulture production.In order to identify mulberry varieties with strong resistance to G.pyloalis,the field investigation examined the incidence pattern of G.pyloalis and its impact on the eight mulberry varieties.The laboratory observation and comparative analysis examined the impact of various mulberry varieties on the development of G.pyloalis.The findings of the field survey revealed that G.pyloalis had five peak emergence periods throughout the year,which were approximately on April 21st,June 16th,August 15th,September 15th,and October 20th.In the field,the damage rate of G.pyloalis to the varieties of Ta-sang,Meng-sang,Meng-jian 3#,Dechang-Changguo,Dongguang-Xiaobai,and Shamo-Guosang was significantly lower than that of Huo-sang and Hulu-sang.Laboratory experiments demonstrated that the average larval stage of G.pyloalis varied significantly after feeding on different mulberry varieties.The average larval stage after feeding on Meng-sang(16.06 d),Meng-jian 3#(15.09 d),and Dechang-Changguo(14.91 d)was significantly higher than that of Huo-sang(13.75 d),Hulu-sang(13.80 d),and Shamo-guosang(14.03 d).There was no significant difference between the pupal and adult stages.The pupation rate of Meng-jian 3#and Meng-sang was the lowest(58.33%),and the number of emerging adults was less than 31.In conclusion,Meng-jian 3#and Meng-sang exhibited some resistance to G.pyloalis and could be potential candidates for insect-resistant mulberry varieties following further research.

关 键 词：桑螟 桑树品种 危害率 发育历期 田间调查 室内饲养 

分 类 号：S888.7[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]