曲柄-滑道-弹齿滚筒式花生捡拾机构设计与参数优化  

Design and optimization of crank-slide type spring-finger cylinder peanut pickup mechanism

作　　者：许涛 刘志侠[2] 高连兴 梁港平 XU Tao;LIU Zhixia;GAO Lianxing;LIANG Gangping(College of Mechanical Engineering,Liaoning Petrochemical University,Fushun 113001,China;College of Engineering,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China;College of Engineering and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁石油化工大学机械工程学院,抚顺113001 [2]沈阳农业大学工程学院,沈阳110866 [3]吉林农业大学工程技术学院,长春130118

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第4期62-71,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51575367,50775151);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0702102);辽宁石油化工大学科研启动基金(1100140222);。

摘　　要：为进一步解决花生捡拾过程植株漏捡、掉果损失等问题,该研究在分析捡拾过程中曲柄-滑道式弹齿滚筒捡拾机构弹齿摆动、花生植株运动规律基础上,建立凸轮理论滑道,运用目标函数法对机构进行了优化设计。以弹齿在地面铲拾距离最大和护板半径最小为目标函数,采用非支配排序遗传算法对捡拾机构参数中的弹齿铲拾段初始安装角、弹齿捡拾长度、曲柄夹角、滚筒半径、上护板倾角、弹齿长度进行了优化求解。利用ADAMS软件建立了机构模型并进行了仿真分析,获得弹齿摆角和齿端运动轨迹仿真曲线,验证了机构参数的正确性和可行性。通过对比仿真分析,较优化前弹齿捡拾长度增大至135 mm、护板直径减小至159 mm,铲拾面积增加近30%。制作样机并进行田间试验,获得捡拾装置最优工作参数为:前进速度为48.0 m/min,转速为45 r/min,弹齿入土深度为17 mm。在花生植株含水率15%~17%的两段收获条件下,花生植株捡拾率为99.1%,掉果损失率为1.85%。研究结果可为两段式花生捡拾收获机捡拾装置的研究提供参考。This study aims to further reduce the plant leakage and peanut pods loss in the process of peanuts plant picking.The crank-slide type spring-finger cylinder mechanism was selected to determine the swing of spring-finger in different stations.The stress characteristics of peanut plants were also obtained to clarify the movement.The picking station was divided into two stages:shovel picking and pickup picking,according to whether the peanuts left the windrow or not.In the shovel stage,the lowest horizontal height of the spring-finger forward tilt was remained unchanged to effectively increase the shovel picking distance and areas.The theoretical slide of cam was established for the mathematical model.The objective function was used to optimize the mechanism.The maximum shovel shovel-picking distance of the spring-finger on the ground and the minimum radius of the shell were defined as the objective function,while the ground height h1 of the pickup device,the pushing cut-off angleα,and the height lMN between the side plate and the ground were as the constraint conditions.An optimization was performed on the initial installation angle,pickup length of spring-finger,crank angle,cylinder radius,top guard dip angle and length of spring-finger of the picking mechanism parameters using NSGA-II.50 groups of three-dimensional scatter plots were obtained for the parameter solutions and objective functions after 700 generations of evolution.The relationship between the parameters and objective functions of each mechanism was analyzed to verify the solution set.The structure parameters of the mechanism were determined using the thickness of the peanut windrow,the spring-finger picking length,the diameter of the protection plate,and the distance of the shovel picking.ADAMS software was used to establish the mechanism model.The kinematics and dynamics simulation were was carried out to obtain the curve of the spring-finger swing angle and end motion trajectory,which were verified the correctness and feasibility of the mechanism

关 键 词：农业机械 优化 花生 弹齿滚筒式捡拾装置 凸轮滑道设计 目标函数法 

分 类 号：S225.9[农业科学—农业机械化工程]