鸟粪石基载镁生物炭对干湿交替灌溉水稻产量与品质的影响  

Effects of struvite-based magnesium modified biochar on rice yield and quality under alternate wetting and drying irrigation

作　　者：李妍琦 吴奇[1] 宫福征 官玉 王宣茗 迟道才[1] LI Yanqi;WU Qi;GONG Fuzheng;GUAN Yu;WANG Xuanming;CHI Daocai(College of Water Resources,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;College of Agronomy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110866 [2]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第4期91-103,共13页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52009078;52279039);中国博士后科学基金(2021M693863);辽宁省教育厅科研项目(LJKMZ20221005)。

摘　　要：鸟粪石(MgNH4PO_(4)·6H2O)普遍存在于镁改性生物炭对废水氮磷去除后的回收产物中,其可以作为缓释肥料使用。为探究鸟粪石基载镁生物炭(struvite-based magnesium modified biochar,MAP-BC)在农田中的应用效果以及对不同灌溉和施肥模式的适用性,该研究依托大田试验,以东研18号(粳稻)为供试材料,设置常规淹灌(ICF)、干湿交替(IAWD)2种灌溉模式,以及常规施肥(conventional fertilization,N_(1)B_(0))、常规施肥+5 t/hm^(2)MAP-BC(conventional fertilization+5 t/hm^(2)MAP-BC,N_(1)B_(1))、常规施肥+10 t/hm^(2)MAP-BC(conventional fertilization+10 t/hm^(2)MAP-BC,N_(1)B_(2))、减施氮磷肥25%+5 t/hm^(2)MAP-BC(25%less nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer+5 t/hm^(2)MAP-BC,N_(3/4)B_(1))和减施氮磷肥25%+10 t/hm^(2)MAP-BC(25%less nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer+10 t/hm^(2)MAP-BC,N_(3/4)B_(2))5种施肥模式。结果表明:与ICF相比,IAWD显著提高了乳熟期叶片叶绿素含量,并显著降低了2021年无效分蘖数(P<0.05);MAP-BC不仅能够高效弥补减施氮磷肥对水稻叶绿素含量的不利影响,还具有一定的超补偿效果;MAPBC中高纯度的鸟粪石组分通过缓释氮磷素,保障了对植株氮磷养分的长期供应。与N_(1)B_(0)相比,N_(3/4)B_(2)不仅可以满足水稻生长后期对氮磷养分的需求,还使穗部吸氮量和吸磷量分别显著增加(P<0.05)4.77%~7.06%和4.26%~12.69%;与N_(1)B_(0)相比,施加10 t/hm^(2)MAP-BC使2a的最高分蘖数和最终分蘖数分别显著增加(P<0.05)6.75%~9.64%和13.16%~16.88%;2 a试验中,在IAWD模式下,与N_(1)B_(0)相比,N_(1)B_(1)和N_(1)B_(2)的产量分别显著提高(P<0.05)了7.66%~8.43%和11.49%~12.64%,并且10 t/hm^(2)的MAP-BC可以弥补减施25%氮磷肥对产量造成的不利影响;IAWD模式下N_(3/4)B_(1)和N_(3/4)B_(2)可以显著降低消减值、垩白粒率和垩白度,显著提高崩解值,从而显著改善(P<0.05)水稻外观品质与食味值;此外,N_(1)B_(1)和N_(1)B_(2)较N_(1)B_(0)处理显著提高(P<0.05)稻米Struvite(MgNH4PO_(4)·6H2O)is commonly found in the recovered products after removal of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)from wastewater by magnesium modified biochar,which can be used as a slow-release fertilizer.This study aims to investigate the effects of the struvite-based magnesium modified biochar(MAP-BC)combined with different fertilization rates on N and P reduction,rice yield and quality under different irrigation modes.MAP-BC was also applied in farmland under the different modes of irrigation and fertilization.Dongyan 18(japonica rice)was used as the test material in the field experiment.Two irrigation modes were set,including the conventional flooding(ICF)and alternate wet and dry(IAWD)irrigation.Five types of fertilizer application were the conventional fertilization(N_(1)B_(0)),conventional fertilization+5 t/hm^(2)MAP-BC(N_(1)B_(1)),conventional fertilization+10 t/hm^(2)MAP-BC(N_(1)B_(2)),25%reduction in N and P fertilizer+5 t/hm^(2)MAPBC(N_(3/4)B_(1)),and 25%reduction in N and P fertilizer+10 t/hm^(2)MAP-BC(N_(3/4)B_(2)).Furthermore,MAP-BC was applied with a struvite purity of 82%.Excellent slow-release properties,N and P nutrient loads were obtained to solidify the subsequent field applications.Both MAP-BC and basal fertilizer were thoroughly mixed to simultaneously apply into the topsoil.Moreover,the MAP-BC was only applied in 2021 without 2022,in order to determine the positive effect of MAP-BC in the next growing season.The results showed that:Compared with ICF,IAWD significantly increased the chlorophyll content at milk-ripe stage,whereas,there was the significant decrease in the ineffective tiller number in 2021(P<0.05).Compared with ICF,IAWD was significantly reduced the number of ineffective tillers by 17.39%in 2021(P<0.05).MAP-BC was avoided the adverse effect of fertilizer reduction on chlorophyll content of rice,indicating the super compensation.Compared with N_(1)B_(0),N_(3/4)B_(1)and N_(3/4)B_(2)treatments significantly increased the leaf chlorophyll content at tillering,jointing-booting,h

关 键 词：灌溉 肥料 水稻 鸟粪石基载镁生物炭 叶绿素 氮磷吸收 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S278