塔里木河植被根系对河岸冲刷特性影响的现场试验  

Field experiment on the influence of vegetation roots on riverbank erosion characteristics in the Tarim River

作　　者：宗全利 张禹洋 唐瑞泽 汤骅[2] 刘华利 李琳[4] ZONG Quanli;ZHANG Yuyang;TANG Ruize;TANG Hua;LIU Huali;LI Lin(College of Resources and Environment,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China;Xinjiang Tarim River Basin Management Bureau,Kuerle 841000,China;College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109 [2]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [3]塔里木河流域管理局,新疆库尔勒841000 [4]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《水科学进展》2024年第2期232-243,共12页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B03024-2);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51569029)。

摘　　要：为研究现场条件下植被根系对河岸冲刷特性的定量影响,设计制作了冲刷试验装置,在塔里木河干流上游选取了4个典型位置,开展了胡杨、芦苇、红柳和骆驼刺4种典型根系的18组土体起动切应力和冲刷系数现场试验。试验结果表明:①起动切应力随根系含量增大基本呈幂函数关系增大,且相同根系含量对应起动切应力红柳最大,胡杨和骆驼刺次之,芦苇最小;分析了单位根系含量变化对起动切应力的影响效果,其顺序为骆驼刺>胡杨>红柳>芦苇。②建立了起动切应力与根系体积密度的定量关系式;根系的存在可以减小土体冲刷系数,其值随根系含量增大基本呈幂函数关系减小,且单位根系含量增加对冲刷系数的减小效果次序为骆驼刺>胡杨>红柳>芦苇。③建立了有、无根系影响的冲刷系数与起动切应力幂函数关系式,并与已有试验结果进行了对比分析;本文试验结果与现有研究结果规律一致,但对应的系数和指数均有所差异。研究成果能为塔里木河植被护坡和河岸冲刷过程计算提供参考依据。To investigate the quantitative influence of vegetation roots on the erosion characteristics of the river bank under field conditions,an erosion test device was designed,and 18 groups of in-situ tests of critical shear stress and erodibility coefficient were carried out.Four typical locations in the upper reaches of the Tarim River and four typical vegetation roots were selected,including Populus euphratica(PE),Phragmites australis(PA),Tamarix ramosissima(TR),and Alhagi sparsifolia(AS).According to the experimental results,the critical shear stress of the soil basically increases as a power function with the increase in root content.Among the four studied vegetation roots,the TR roots exhibited the largest critical shear stress at the same root content,followed by PE and AS,while the PA roots exhibited the smallest value.The increased effects of the critical shear stress with unit root content increase for the four vegetation species were analysed.The order was AS>PE>TR>PA.The quantitative relationship between the critical shear stress and root volume density was established.The existence of roots can reduce the soil erodibility coefficient.It decreases with the increase in root content.With the increase in unit root content,the order of the decreased effects of the erodibility coefficient for the four vegetation species was AS>PE>TR>PA.Based on in-situ test results,the power function relationships between the soil erodibility coefficient and critical shear stress were obtained with and without root influence,and compared to existing experimental results.The experimental results in this study are consistent with the existing studies,except that the corresponding coefficients and exponents are different.This study can provide a reference for riverbank protection by vegetation roots and calculation of the bank erosion process in the Tarim River.

关 键 词：冲刷特性 起动切应力 冲刷系数 植被根系 现场试验 塔里木河 

分 类 号：TV149.1[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]