黄河河南段水沙变化规律与影响机制研究  

Study on Variation Law and Influencing Mechanism of Water and Sediment in Henan Reaches of the Yellow River

作　　者：轩晓博 窦明[2] 刘柏君 XUAN Xiaobo;DOU Ming;LIU Bojun(Yellow River Survey,Planning,Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司,河南郑州450003 [2]郑州大学,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《人民珠江》2024年第4期62-70,共9页Pearl River

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研究计划子课题(2022YFC3202405-04);郑州大学院士团队科研启动基金(13432340370);河南省高等学校重点科研项目计划(21A570008)。

摘　　要：黄河河南段为典型游荡型河段,其水沙变化剧烈、主槽摆动频繁、河床变形严重,对河道生境产生了严重影响。以1960—2019年小浪底、花园口、高村水文站水沙数据为研究对象,结合Mann-Kendall检验、滑动T检验、小波分析等统计方法探究了黄河河南段水沙变异周期特征,并应用双累积曲线法定量评估了降雨和人类活动对河南段径流量和输沙量减少的贡献率。结果表明:河南段年输沙减少趋势大于年径流减少趋势,小浪底到花园口间基本冲淤平衡,花园口到高村间以淤积为主,河南段汛期以泥沙淤积为主、非汛期冲刷;小浪底站输沙量在1997年发生突变,而花园口、高村站径流量和输沙量均在1985年发生突变;调水调沙对于径流量增加效果要大于输沙量增加,人类活动对河南段径流输沙减少起主导作用,对河南段径流量平均贡献率为80.94%,对输沙量平均贡献率为94.95%。The Henan reaches of the Yellow River is a typical wandering reach,which has a severe impact on the river habitat due to the severe variation of water and sediment,frequent swing of the main channel,and serious deformation of the riverbed.Based on the water and sediment data of Xiaolangdi,Huayuankou,and Gaocun hydrological stations from 1960 to 2019,this paper explores the variation cycle characteristics of water and sediment in the Henan reaches of the Yellow River by using statistical methods such as Mann-Kendall test,sliding T test,and wavelet analysis.The contribution rate of rainfall and human activities to the decrease in runoff and sediment transport in the Henan reaches of the Yellow River is quantitatively evaluated by the double mass curve method.The results show that the decreasing trend of annual sediment transport is greater than that of annual runoff in the Henan reaches.From Xiaolangdi to Huayuankou,erosion and deposition are basically balanced,and from Huayuankou to Gaocun,deposition is dominant.The flood season in the Henan reaches is dominated by sediment deposition,and the non-flood season is dominated by scour.The sediment transport in Xiaolangdi station changed greatly in 1997,while the runoff and sediment transport in Huayuankou and Gaocun stations changed significantly in 1985.The water and sediment regulation greatly increases runoff instead of sediment transport.Human activities play a leading role in the decrease in runoff and sediment transport in the Henan reaches of the Yellow River,with an average contribution rate of 80.94%to runoff and 94.95%to sediment transport in the Henan reaches of the Yellow River.

关 键 词：径流量 输沙量 变异 贡献程度 黄河河南段 

分 类 号：TV147.3[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]