高航速流动不分离外形带攻角流动特性分析  

Shape design and flow characteristics analysis of high speed underwater vehicle without boundary-layer separation

作　　者：可伟 王哲 李晓植 高全喜 KE Wei;WANG Zhe;LI Xiao-zhi;GAO Quan-xi(Key Laboratory of Dual Medium Power Technology,Hebei Han-guang Heavy Industry Co.,Ltd.,Handan 056017,China)

机构地区：[1]河北汉光重工有限责任公司河北省双介质动力技术重点实验室,河北邯郸056017

出　　处：《船舶力学》2024年第4期541-550,共10页Journal of Ship Mechanics

基　　金：高端装备制造技术创新专项(21313501D)。

摘　　要：边界层发生分离的两个必要条件是流体粘性和正压梯度,设计外形使其表面具有尽量大的负压梯度区域,延缓边界层转捩和流动分离,从而达到减阻目的。本文采用基于细长体理论的流动不分离外形设计方法,设计临界速度为100 m/s的航行体外形,运用数值仿真分析其在不同速度和攻角情况下的流动特性。研究发现,0°攻角下仿真得到的压强分布与理论计算结果一致,摩擦阻力与估算结果一致,证明可以通过外形设计使航行体边界层在高雷诺数条件下保持层流流动不分离状态,以达到大幅减阻的目的;小攻角不会破坏航行体表面流体附着状态,但攻角会使流动出现横向漩涡,边界层发生转捩,使阻力明显增加,但减阻效果仍然存在。The two compulsory conditions for boundary layer separation are fluid viscosity and positive pres⁃sure gradient.By designing the shape of a vehicle so that its surface has a negative pressure gradient area as large as possible,the flow transition and separation are delayed so as to achieve the purpose of drag reduc⁃tion.Based on the theoretical flow non-separation shape design method of slender bodies,the shape of a vehi⁃cle with a critical speed of 100 m/s was designed,and numerical simulation was used to analyze its flow char⁃acteristics at different speeds and angles of attack.It is found that the simulation results at zero angle of at⁃tack are consistent with those of the theoretical calculation,which proves that the surface of the vehicle can be in a state of non-separation of laminar flow through the shape design.A small attack angle will not destroy the fluid adhesion state on the surface of the vehicle,but whirlpools will appear in the flow when the attack angle is greater than 2 degrees.

关 键 词：高速航行体 流动不分离 临界雷诺数 层流 攻角 转捩 

分 类 号：TJ6[兵器科学与技术—武器系统与运用工程]