施肥对东北春玉米根际土壤细菌群落结构的影响  

Effects of Fertilization on Bacterial Community Structure in Rhizosphere Soil of Spring Maize in Northeast China

作　　者：毛晓宁 刘美玲 李然然 谢惠春[1,2] 金兄莲 姜迪 Mao Xiaoning;Liu Meiling;Li Ranran;Xie Huichun;Jin Xionglian;Jiang Di(College of Life Sciences,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Lab.of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Xining 810008,China;College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150000,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学生命科学学院,青海西宁810008 [2]青海省青藏高原药用动植物资源重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [3]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150000

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2024年第3期34-38,共5页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区项目(32260284);青海省科技厅基础研究计划青年项目(2023-ZJ-956Q)。

摘　　要：目的:研究施肥对东北春玉米根际土壤细菌群落结构的影响,为东北春玉米土壤改良提供科学依据。方法:设置CK(对照,复合肥,65 cm小垄种植)、KF处理(配方施肥,65 cm小垄种植)、BMP处理(配方施肥,130 cm大垄双行种植)3个处理,采用高通量测序技术,比较不同处理间土壤细菌群落结构组成和多样性。结果:CK、KF、BMP 3个处理共鉴定出1 372种细菌群落。在不同大小的垄间施用不同比例的肥料种植春玉米,均能提高土壤根际细菌群落组成和群落多样性;各处理土壤细菌指数排序为BMP> KF> CK;CK丰富度指数和Shannon指数与处理KF、BMP存在显著差异。优势细菌门水平结构组成分析中均表现为以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)等为优势的细菌门类,优势细菌属水平结构组成分析中均表现为鞘氨醇单细胞属(Sphingomonas)、念珠菌固体杆菌属(Candidatus Solibacter)、芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas)等为优势菌属;各处理土壤细菌群落在门水平上的PCA分析中CK相似度较低,BMP、KF处理相对聚集。结论:N∶P∶K比例为1∶2∶1、每亩(1亩=0.066 7公顷)施用掺混肥20 kg、耕作方式为65 cm小垄垄上种植春玉米对根际土壤细菌群落多样性的影响更为丰富,对维持作物健康生长具有重要作用。Objective:To investigate the effect of fertilization on the bacterial community structure of rhizosphere soil of spring maize in Northeast China,and provid scientific basis for soil improvement of spring maize in Northeast China.Methods:Three treatments were set up:CK(control,compound fertilizer,65 cm small ridge planting),KF treatment(formula fertilization,65 cm small ridge planting),BMP treatment(formula fertilization,130 cm large ridge double row planting).High-throughput sequencing technology was used to compare the composition and diversity of soil bacterial community between different treatments.Results:A total of 1372 bacterial communities were identified in 3 treatments.Applying different proportions of fertilizer between different sizes of ridges to plant spring maize can improve the composition and diversity of soil rhizosphere bacterial communities.The soil bacterial index of each treatment was ranked as BMP>KF>CK.The richness index and Shannon index of CK were significantly different from those of KF and BMP.In the analysis of the dominant bacterial phylum-level structural composition,the results consistently showed a dominance of the phyla Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,and Actinobacteria.At the genus level of dominant bacteria,the prevalent genera included Sphingomonas,Candidatus Solibacter,and Gemmatimonas.The PCA analysis of the soil bacterial communities at the phylum level indicated a lower similarity in the control(CK),while the BMP and KF treatments clustered more closely.Conclusion:When planting spring maize in Northeast China,using 65 cm spaced ridges,applying 20 kg of blended fertilizer per Mu(0.0667 hectares)with an N∶P∶K ratio of 1∶2∶1,enhanced the diversity of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community,thereby promoting healthy crop growth.

关 键 词：施肥 土壤细菌群落 高通量测序 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]