旱区地膜与种植密度对棉花冠层光分布及产量的影响  

Effects of Plastic Film and Planting Density on Canopy Light Distribution and Yield of Cotton in Arid Area

作　　者：候金枚 王娟[2] 王有武[1] 陈国栋[1] 曹楠 林皎 万素梅[1] HOU Jinmei;WANG Juan;WANG Youwu;CHEN Guodong;CAO Nan;LIN Jiao;WAN Sumei(College of Agronomy,Tarim University,Alar Xinjiang 843300,China;Aksu Regional Fiber Inspection Institute,Aksu Xinjiang 843000,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]阿克苏地区纤维检验所,新疆阿克苏843000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2024年第4期606-618,共13页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2301200);新疆生产建设兵团指导性科技计划项目(2023ZD092);塔里木大学研究生创新训练项目(TDGRI202114);塔里木大学-南京农业大学联合基金(NNLH202304)。

摘　　要：棉花冠层光合有效辐射截获率(PARI)是影响干物质积累和产量形成的重要因素,然而对于不同覆膜方式下种植密度对棉花冠层光分布的影响尚未明确。在旱区一膜三行的机采种植模式下,设2种覆膜方式(有膜和无膜)与5种种植密度(D1:9×10^(4)株/hm^(2),D2:13.5×10^(4)株/hm^(2),D3:18×10^(4)株/hm^(2),D4:22.5×10^(4)株/hm^(2),D5:27×10^(4)株/hm^(2)),研究不同覆膜方式下种植密度对棉花冠层PARI的影响。结果表明,在全生育期,有膜处理下棉花冠层光合有效辐射(PAR)的截获能力较强;冠层PARI与种植密度呈显著正相关关系,不同种植密度之间PARI存在差异;叶面积指数(LAI)随生育进程推进呈单峰曲线。有膜处理下,不同种植密度LAI在第94~98天达到峰值;无膜处理下,不同种植密度LAI在第109~113天达到峰值;随着种植密度的增加干物质积累量减少,其生殖器官生物量有所下降。种植密度为18×10^(4)株/hm^(2)下的产量显著高于其他处理(有膜为5805.07 kg/hm^(2),无膜为5436.96 kg/hm^(2)),研究结果为旱区合理密植、构建合理的冠层结构提供理论依据。The photosynthetic active radiation interception rate(PARI)within the cotton canopy plays a vital role in dry matter accumulation and yield formation.However,the effect of planting density on cotton canopy light distribution under different mulching methods has not been clarified.In this experiment,this experiment was set up in the machine harvesting planting mode of one film strip of three rows set up with two film mulching methods(PM:with film mulching,NM:without film mulching)and five planting densities(D1,9×10^(4)plants/hm^(2);D2,13.5×10^(4)plants/hm^(2);D3,18×10^(4)plants/hm^(2);D4,22.5×10^(4)plants/hm^(2);D5,27×10^(4)plants/hm^(2)),to study the effects of planting density on cotton canopy PARI under different cultivation modes.The results showed that compared with NM PM had a higher PARI in the cotton canopy during the whole growth period.The PARI was positively correlated with planting density,with variations observed among different planting densities.The leaf area index(LAI)displayed a unimodal curve,peaking at 94-98 days for PM and at 109-113 days for all the density treatments.As the planting density increased,the dry matter accumulation decreased.With gradual decline in the contribution of repoductive organs to dry matter accumulation.The yield at a planting density of 18×10^(4)plants/hm^(2)was significantly higher than those of other treatments(PM was 5805.07 kg/hm^(2),NM was 5436.96 kg/hm^(2)).This study provides a theoretical basis for implementing reasonable dense planting praticess and estalishing a suitable canopy structure in arid areas.

关 键 词：光合有效辐射 冠层结构 覆盖 种植密度 产量构成 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]