鲜食玉米果穗的物理力学特性  

Physical and mechanical properties of fresh corn fruit ears

作　　者：高朋飞 张新伟 易克传 苑凤霞 马战伟 GAO Pengfei;ZHANG Xinwei;YI Kechuan;YUAN Fengxia;MA Zhanwei(College of Mechanical Engineering,Anhui Science and Technology University,Fengyang 233100,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽科技学院机械工程学院,安徽凤阳233100

出　　处：《安徽科技学院学报》2024年第2期95-102,共8页Journal of Anhui Science and Technology University

基　　金：安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(202104a06020001);安徽省高校自然科学研究项目(KJ2021A0879)。

摘　　要：目的:针对鲜食玉米在机械脱粒过程中存在籽粒破损的问题,研究对籽粒造成挤压破坏的最小挤压力和实现玉米籽粒与玉米芯分离的最小轴向及径向剪切力。方法:采摘3个不同时期的果穗,利用万能拉压型试验机对果穗开展挤压及剪切试验。结果:结果表明,果穗的籽粒会经历3个阶段,即籽粒的形变、破损、爆浆阶段。在不同采摘期,含水率均值分别在71.51%±2.00%、64.96%±2.00%、50.21%±2.00%的条件下,籽粒破损临界点所对应的试验力的平均值分别为81.7、644.5、960.4 N;轴向剪切试验结果表明,果穗所受到的轴向剪切力的平均值分别在25.3、60.8、234.1 N时,第1、2排籽粒被完全切除;径向剪切试验结果表明,单籽粒果穗被径向切除的试验力的平均值分别为20.5、12.1、6.8 N。结论:本研究获得的重要物理力学参数可为鲜食玉米脱粒机关键部件的设计提供理论依据和参考。Objective:Research was conducted to determine the minimum squeezing force that caused damage to corn kernels during the mechanical threshing process,as well as the minimum axial and radial shear forces required to separate the corn kernels from the cob.Methods:Three kinds of ears of different periods were picked before and after,the extrusion and shearing tests of the ears were carried out by using a universal tensile and compression testing machine.Results:The extrusion test results showed that the grain of the ear would go through three stages,namely,deformation,breakage and burst.During the different picking periods,the mean value of moisture content was 71.51%±2.00%,64.96%±2.00%,50.21%±2.00%respectively.The average value of the test force corresponding to the critical point of grain damage was 81.7,644.5,960.4 N respectively.The results of the axial shear tests showed that when the average of the axial cutting force on the spike at 25.3,60.8,234.1 N,the first and second rows of grains were completely removed.The results of the radial shear test showed that the mean test force for radial resection of single grain ears was 20.5,12.1,6.8 N,respectively.Conclusion:The important physical and mechanical parameters obtained in this study could provide theoretical basis and reference for the design of key components of fresh corn thresher.

关 键 词：鲜食玉米 机械脱粒 籽粒破损 含水率 脱粒机 

分 类 号：S225.7[农业科学—农业机械化工程]