论WTO争端解决机制改革的价值取向与规则构造:以RCEP为参照样本  

Value Orientation and Rule Structure of Reform of the WTO Dispute Settlement System:With RCEP as Reference

作　　者：李诗娴 LI Shixian

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国际法研究所

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第1期97-111,共15页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“全球治理的区域转向与中国参与亚洲区域组织实践研究”(22JZD040)。

摘　　要：争端解决机制是WTO有效运作的核心支柱之一,但WTO争端解决机构(DSB)因其上诉机构的停摆已陷入前所未有的危机当中。RCEP作为全球覆盖面最广、体量最大的区域贸易协定(RTA),其争端解决机制的构建极具创新与特色。鉴于WTO与RCEP的社会基础一定程度的相似性,争端解决机制内在价值的兼容性,以及争端解决机制规则基础的共同性,RCEP争端解决机制的创新与特色对于WTO争端解决机制的改革具有现实的参照意义。因此,WTO可以充分参照RCEP争端解决机制内在价值取向和具体规则创新,从以下几个方面展开争端解决机制的改革:第一,将提高效率作为改革的首要价值;第二,将提高争端解决规则和程序的透明度作为改革的重要目标;第三,以专家组为核心重构DSU,既要发挥上诉机构的作用,又要规范和约束上诉机构的职权,完善上诉机构与专家组之间的关系;第四,务实改革特殊与差别待遇制度。The dispute settlement mechanism is one of the pillars of the effective operation of the WTO.However,with the profound changes in the global landscape,the inherent shortcomings of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism have become increasingly apparent,especially in the Dispute Settlement Body(DSB),which has fallen into an unprecedented crisis due to the shutdown of the Appellate Body.As the most extensive regional trade agreement(RTA)in the world,RCEP s dispute settlement mechanism is highly distinctive and innovative.The study on it has important practical significance for the reform of the WTO dispute resolution mechanism.This article reveals the following characteristics and innovations of the RCEP dispute resolution mechanism through comparative research:achieving a final decision through organizational structure innovation to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of the dispute resolution mechanism;attaching great importance to the transparency of dispute resolution rules and procedures;the unique openness,strict independence,and high professionalism of panel members;excluding Non-Violation Complaints from the scope of application;stipulating“Choice of Forum”clause to resolve active conflicts of jurisdiction in dispute;innovating the mechanism for third parties participation in dispute settlement procedures;and the practicality of special and differential treatment clauses.On this basis,this article combines the research methods of sociology of law,jurisprudence of value,and normative law to demonstrate how the characteristics and innovations of the RCEP dispute settlement mechanism can become a reference for the reform of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism,that is,the social foundation of the WTO and RCEP are similar;the inherent value of dispute resolution mechanisms is compatible;and the rule basis of dispute resolution mechanisms has commonality.Based on the current crisis faced by the WTO dispute settlement mechanism,this article believes that the WTO can fully draw on the inherent value orientat

关 键 词：争端解决机制 RCEP WTO 上诉机构 改革 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]