“努力”与“拼爹”影响社会地位的代际流动研究  

Inter-Generational Mobility of Social Status Driven by the Competition of Personal Efforts and Family Background

作　　者：阳义南 卫松[2] YANG Yinan;WEI Song

机构地区：[1]湖南大学公共管理学院 [2]贵州民族大学社会学院

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第1期112-127,共16页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“技术治理视角下西南民族地区乡村治理体系重构”(20XMZ048);广东省自然科学基金(2021A1515011284)。

摘　　要：将个体“努力”自致因素与“拼爹”先赋因素作为解释我国社会地位代际流动的双驱机制。基于中国劳动力动态调查数据的路径模型估计结果显示,个体“努力”对其社会地位获得具有显著的正向影响,既包括直接提升作用,也包括增加上大学、创业、体制内就业等机会的中介路径;相比之下,“努力”的作用还低于父辈地位的影响,但“努力”作用的边际回报更高;进一步将样本分为“60前”、“60后”、“70后”、“80后”四个世代,或上中下三个社会层级,各组间系数变化及其差异显著性检验结果表明,“努力”的作用在趋于上升,父辈地位的作用则在减弱,且“努力”对社会底层家庭的作用更大。通过加入更多控制变量、更换解释变量、使用工具变量等方法进行稳健性检验,上述结果得到了支撑。由此反映我国社会结构提供了努力者向上流动的渠道,折射出社会流动性的上升走势。In the report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,it was pointed out that the great achievements of the new era are achieved through the joint efforts of the Party and the people.Struggle is the foundation of personal development,the prerequisite for achieving the expected social status,and the driving force for economic and social development.It is also a strong driving force for national development and social civilization progress.However,whether an individual s efforts can achieve the expected goals,in addition to personal factors,will be influenced by family factors,society and systems.In reality,facing social structure limitations and external survival pressures,there is a“lying flat”lifestyle that many young people tend to retreat,not compete,and not seize opportunities.Is personal“hard work”still useful?Whether we can achieve higher social status through“hard work”?Answering this question well has very important practical value.This paper examines the contribution of personal effort,an individual self-induced factor,to the acquisition of social status and its realization path.The estimation results of the path model based on the China Labor Force Dynamic Survey(CLDS)data show that individual efforts have a significantly positive impact on the acquisition of social status,including direct promotion effect,and also mediating channels such as going to college,joining the Party,starting a business,and working in institutions within the system,which reflects that China s social structure has a mobility mechanism or channel for the upward mobility.The robustness test is carried out by using instrumental variables,replacing explanatory variables,and adding more control variables,and the above results are supported.The empirical results also show that the role of“hard work”is still less than the social status of the parents,but the marginal return of“hard work”is higher.Further dividing the sample into four generations,namely,before 60,after 60,after 70,and after 80,t

关 键 词：教育 人力资本 社会地位 代际流动 社会心理 

分 类 号：C912.6[经济管理]