试析万历朝鲜之役期间朝鲜白银之解禁  

An Analysis on Lifting the Forbidden Use of Silver as Currency in Choson Korea during the Wanli Campaign

作　　者：孙卫国[1] Sun Weiguo

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院,天津300350

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第2期161-173,共13页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(19BZS025)。

摘　　要：1429年,在朝鲜多年陈请下,明廷免除朝鲜的金银岁贡,为了避嫌,朝鲜从此在国内禁用白银,而以楮布为主要流通货币。1592年,日本侵朝战争爆发,明廷迅速赐给朝鲜两万两白银,宣祖当即赐给身边人员,人人有份,在相当长的时间里,白银是朝鲜国王给朝臣的赏赐,并非军饷,亦非货币。在跟明、日交往时,常需用白银,战争期间更是必不可少。明大军开赴朝鲜,带来大量白银,对朝鲜产生巨大影响。为了确保朝鲜白银的来源,宋应昌等极力鼓动朝鲜开采银矿,发现了端川等多处银矿,1594年以后,每年都能开采一些白银,宣祖终于解除白银禁令,朝鲜各地渐渐接受白银为货币。尽管历经相当长的一段时间,朝鲜最终融入了东亚白银世界之中。In 1429,responding to repeated requests from Choson Korea,the Ming court exempted Korea from the obligation of providing tribute by gold and silver.To avoid suspicion,Korea subsequently banned the use of silver domestically and primarily circulated paper currency.In 1592,the Japanese invasion of Korea erupted,prompting the Ming court to swiftly grant 20,000 taels of silver to Korea.King Seonjo immediately distributed this silver among his courtiers and associates,with each person receiving a share.For a considerable period thereafter,silver was not used by the Korean king to pay salaries to officials or as currency;instead,it was given as rewards.Silver was often needed during exchanges with the Ming and Japanese,especially during times of war.The arrival of the Ming army in Korea brought with it large quantities of silver,significantly impacting the country.To ensure a stable source of silver for Korea,Song Yingchang and others strongly advocated for silver mining.Several silver mines,including the one in Duan-cheon,were explored as a result.After 1594,silver was mined annually,leading King Seonjo to eventually lift the ban on silver.Gradually,silver became accepted as currency throughout Korea.Although it took a considerable period of time,Choson Korea eventually integrated into the silver economy of East Asia.

关 键 词：万历朝鲜之役 宋应昌 白银货币 端川银矿 明代中朝关系史 

分 类 号：F119[经济管理—国际贸易] K312.34[经济管理—世界经济] K248.3[历史地理—历史学]