区块链中的公钥密码:设计、分析、密评与展望  

Public-Key Cryptography in Blockchain:Design,Analysis,Assessment and Prospect

作　　者：黄可 李雄 袁晟 刘星宇 张小松 HUANG Ke;LI Xiong;YUAN Sheng;LIU Xing-Yu;ZHANG Xiao-Song(College of Computer Science and Engineering(College of Cyber Security),University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu611731)

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学计算机科学与工程学院(网络空间安全学院),成都611731

出　　处：《计算机学报》2024年第3期491-524,共34页Chinese Journal of Computers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62002048,62332018,U19A2066,62072078,U22B2029);四川省应用基础研究(2022NSFSC0876);国家电网有限公司总部科技项目(5700-202355311A-1-1-ZN);成都交子金控集团区块链研究院的资助。

摘　　要：比特币的成功,吸引了人们研究区块链、加密货币以及相关的公钥密码算法的兴趣.然而,将公钥密码算法成功应用于新的加密货币设计,仍然面临很多挑战.一方面,设计适用于区块链的公钥密码算法并非易事,这是因为区块链具有独特的结构和应用环境,对密码算法提出了严苛的要求,如短签名长度、无需可信第三方等.随着区块链向多功能发展,需要考虑更多需求和功能.其中,安全性、隐私性和去中心化这三个问题涉及“三元悖论”,同时解决两个或更多问题通常较为困难.当前的研究文献主要关注区块链技术及其原理,对相关密码算法的系统调研和分析不足.为了帮助读者了解和逐步掌握公钥密码算法设计的技巧和经验,并填补相关调研文献的空白,本文对相关密码算法的现状与研究进行了系统而深入的调研.通过8个案例、2个通用构造以及相关证明技巧的讨论,本文为读者提供了由易到难的算法设计教程和相关经验.此外,本文还探讨了商用密码应用与安全性评估(简称“密评”)相关的概念和研究,以促进区块链相关密码技术按照国家技术标准的要求进行实际应用.最后,本文对相关密码算法的设计难点进行了系统总结,并展望了未来的研究热点和具有挑战性的问题.The rapid ascent of cryptocurrencies has ignited a surge in interest among researchers worldwide,propelling them into the intricate realm of Public-Key Cryptography(PKC).While mathematical theories serve as a sturdy framework for the study of PKC,their mastery demands a substantial level of expertise.Furthermore,blockchain technology introduces a set of exacting criteria that underpin the design and execution of PKC algorithms,including the need for concise outputs and trustless setups.Additionally,modern blockchains grapple with an expanding array of considerations,notably the Trilemma encompassing security,privacy,and decentralization.The endeavor to address multiple challenges within a single solution presents an enduring challenge.Existing research predominantly gravitates toward elucidating the fundamental concepts and principles of pertinent techniques,often neglecting a systematic and in-depth exploration of the core design and analysis of PKC algorithms.This paper seeks to rectify this gap,aiming to consolidate the essential techniques and insights associated with designing and analyzing PKC algorithms for blockchain applications.It embarks on a comprehensive and meticulous examination of the present state and ongoing advancements in cryptographic algorithms relevant to the field.In pursuit of this objective,we present eight cryptographic schemes as use cases,providing an insightful exploration of their intricacies.Additionally,we delve into two generic methods for practical designs,offering a roadmap for those engaged in the practical implementation of PKC algorithms within blockchain systems.To elucidate these design choices and methodologies,we scrutinize and evaluate proving techniques through concrete examples,enabling a clearer understanding of their practical implications.Moreover,this article navigates through the labyrinth of concepts and research related to security evaluation.A nuanced exploration of security assessment methods and practices is crucial in fostering the robust and secure applica

关 键 词：区块链 公钥密码算法 算法设计 复杂性分析 密评 

分 类 号：TP309[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]