苏州城区河道大型水生生物分布特征  

Distribution characteristics of large aquatic organisms in Suzhou urban rivers

作　　者：丁经祥 栗斌 郑海粟 刘金林 吴庭健 刘富财 张晟曼 何培民[1] DING Jingxiang;LI Bin;ZHENG Haisu;LIU Jinlin;WU Tingjian;LIU Fucai;ZHANG Shengman;HE Peimin(College of Oceanography and Ecological Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Aquatic Wildlife Conservation and Research Center,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学与生态环境学院,上海201306 [2]上海市水生野生动植物保护研究中心,上海200092

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2024年第2期398-408,共11页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：“十三五”水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07205)。

摘　　要：为研究苏州城区河道大型水生生物时空分布特征,于2020年5月开始,对苏州古城区主要河道23个断面的大型水生生物及水质指标进行为期1年监测,分析其理化因子时空分布差异,并探讨与大型水生生物相关的影响因素,体现苏州河道水质恢复程度。结果表明,水温、pH、溶解性总固体、电导率、溶解氧、透明度与氨氮在不同月份间呈显著性差异,总氮和总磷在不同月份间具有极显著性差异。研究期间苏州城市河道中共检出5种沉水植物、10种大型底栖无脊椎动物和7种鱼类。其中沉水植物辛普森指数最高,结构最均匀,各断面中沧浪亭桥玛格列夫指数最高,物种最丰富。有无沉水植物分组间流速呈显著性差异,总氮、氨氮存在极显著差异。有无大型底栖无脊椎动物的河道在流速、水深、透明度和溶解氧间存在极显著性差异。按是否存在鱼类对比,水质指标均无显著性差异。冗余分析(RDA)结果也表明,氨氮、水温、溶解氧和透明度是影响城区河道大型水生生物分布的主要水质指标。In order to study the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of large aquatic organisms in Suzhou urban rivers,this study began in May 2020,monitored the large aquatic organism indexes and water quality indexes of 23 sections of the main rivers in Suzhou ancient city area for one year,analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution differences of physical and chemical factors,and discussed the influencing factors related to large aquatic organisms to reflect the restoration degree of Suzhou rivers.The results showed that water temperature,pH,TDS,conductivity,dissolved oxygen,transparency and ammonia nitrogen had significant differences in different months,and total nitrogen and total phosphorus had extremely significant differences in different months.During the study period,a total of 5 species of submerged plants,10 species of macrobenthic invertebrates and 7 species of fish were detected in the urban rivers of Suzhou.Among them,the Simpson index of submerged plants was the highest and the structure was the most uniform.In each section,the margalef index of canglangting bridge was the highest and the species were the most abundant.There were significant differences in flow rate,total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen between groups with and without submerged plants.According to the presence or non-absence of macrobenthic invertebrates,there were very significant differences in velocity,water depth,transparency and dissolved oxygen;According to the presence or non-absence of fish,there was no significant difference in water quality indicators.The results of redundancy analysis(RDA)also showed that ammonia nitrogen,water temperature,dissolved oxygen and transparency were the main water quality indicators affecting the distribution of large aquatic organisms in urban rivers.

关 键 词：苏州城市河道 沉水植物 大型底栖无脊椎动物 鱼类 生物多样性 冗余分析 水生态修复 

分 类 号：Q178[生物学—水生生物学]