同步挤压S变换与τ⁃p变换联合的微地震信号消噪方法  

Microseismic signal denoising method combining synchrosqueezing S⁃transform andτ⁃p transform

作　　者：秦亮 李唐律 曹脊翔 黄忠来[1,2] 张建中[1,2] 王锦西 QIN Liang;LI Tanglü;CAO Jixiang;HUANG ZhongLai;ZHANG Jianzhong;WANG Jinxi(Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques,Ministry of Education,Qingdao,Shandong 266100,China;College of Marine Geosciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao,Shandong 266100,China;Northwest Sichuan Gas Field,PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company,Mianyang,Sichuan 621000,China;Tight Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Project Department,PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company,Chengdu,Sichuan 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院,山东青岛266100 [3]中国石油西南油气田公司川西北气矿,四川绵阳621000 [4]中国石油西南油气田公司致密油气勘探开发项目部,四川成都610066

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2024年第2期219-229,共11页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目“压裂裂缝的地面微地震成像关键技术研究”(2017GSF16103);山东省自然科学基金项目“基于海底环境地震噪声的天然气水合物储层监测方法研究”(ZR2020MD047)联合资助。

摘　　要：微地震监测是指导页岩气开采水力压裂作业和评价压裂效果的常用手段。地面监测所采集的微地震信号能量弱、信噪比低,微地震事件识别困难,严重影响定位的准确性。针对低信噪比地面微地震监测资料,联合使用同步挤压S变换、谱分解和τ⁃p变换,提出一种新的消噪方法。首先对监测资料进行时差校正,将微地震信号的同相轴校平;之后使用同步挤压S变换对校平后的资料进行谱分解获取单频切片;再对每个单频切片进行τ⁃p变换,并根据τ⁃p变换的结果获取微地震信号位置;最后根据信号的位置在时频域完成消噪。实际低信噪比地面微地震监测数据的处理结果表明,新方法可以获得理想的消噪结果。Microseismic monitoring is a common means to guide hydraulic fracturing operations and evaluate fracturing effects in shale gas extraction.The signal collected by ground monitoring has weak energy and low signal⁃to⁃noise ratio,which makes it difficult to identify microseismic events,and seriously affects the accuracy of positioning.Aiming at the ground microseismic monitoring data with low signal⁃to⁃noise ratio,a new noise cancellation method is proposed by combining synchronoussqueezing S⁃transform,spectral decomposition andτ⁃p transform.Firstly,the time difference correction is carried out on the monitoring data,and the in⁃phase axis of the microseismic signal is leveled.Then,the synchrosqueezing S⁃transform was applied to decompose the leveled data to obtain single⁃frequency slices.Then,theτ⁃p transform is performed on each single⁃fre⁃quency slice,and the microseismic signal position is obtained according to the results of theτ⁃p transform.Fi⁃nally,noise cancellation is completed in the time⁃frequency domain according to the position of the signal.The processing results of ground microseismic monitoring data with low signal⁃to⁃noise ratio show that the new method can obtain ideal noise cancellation results.

关 键 词：地面微地震监测 微地震信号消噪 同步挤压S变换 τ⁃p变换 谱分解 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]