毛叶苕子磷获取特征及根际特性的基因型差异  

Differences in phosphorus acquisition characteristics and rhizosphere properties among different hairy vetch genotypes

作　　者：常单娜 陈子英 韩梅 李正鹏 严清彪 吕帅磊 周国朋 孙小凤 曹卫东[1] CHANG Dan-na;CHEN Zi-ying;HAN Mei;LI Zheng-peng;YAN Qing-biao;LV Shuai-lei;ZHOU Guo-peng;SUN Xiao-feng;CAO Wei-dong(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,北京100081 [2]青海大学农林科学院土壤肥料研究所,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《草业学报》2024年第4期122-134,共13页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700200);国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132022013);绿肥种质资源安全保存(19230869);国家作物种质资源库绿肥分库运行服务(NCGRC-2023-19);中国农业科学院科技创新工程资助。

摘　　要：毛叶苕子是我国重要的肥饲兼用绿肥作物,研究毛叶苕子磷获取特征及根际特性的基因型差异,为毛叶苕子磷高效利用提供理论支撑。在青海西宁开展盆栽试验,设置毛叶苕子品种和磷肥种类双因素,毛叶苕子品种为大田试验筛选的磷高效及磷低效品种(系)各2个,磷肥种类为过磷酸钙和磷矿粉,设置不施磷肥对照,共12个处理。盛花期测定分析毛叶苕子磷素积累量、土壤磷组分、土壤有机酸、根系酸性磷酸酶(RACP)、土壤酸性及碱性磷酸酶活性(ACP、ALP)、土壤酸性及碱性磷酸酶(phoC、phoD)基因丰度。结果显示,不同磷效率毛叶苕子品种(系)总磷吸收量和磷肥利用率分别为7.45~46.07 mg·盆^(-1)和7.12%~22.49%;磷高效品种(系)总磷吸收量和磷肥利用率均显著高于磷低效品种(系),增幅分别为0.91%~61.20%和12.52%~60.25%。相比磷低效品种(系),磷高效品种(系)提高了活性磷(labile P)和中等活性磷(moderately labile P)的比例,降低了稳定性磷(stable P)的比例,后者的活性磷和中等活性磷的比例分别是前者的6.14~26.14倍和1.04~1.54倍,前者的稳定性磷库比例是后者的2.92~7.91倍。磷高效品种(系)土壤总有机酸(TOA)、草酸(OXA)含量、RACP、ACP、ALP活性均显著高于磷低效品种(系),分别提高117.45%~254.60%、19.40%~50.75%、16.37%~146.40%、6.19%~104.19%和6.16%~35.06%。磷高效品种(系)phoC和phoD丰度分别是磷低效品种(系)的1.07~2.58倍和1.46~3.64倍。线性回归分析表明,土壤TOA、OXA、RACP、ACP与活性磷均呈显著或极显著正相关,决定系数分别为0.40、0.46、0.13、0.19;与stable P均呈显著或极显著负相关,决定系数分别为0.75、0.58、0.41和0.49。综上,磷高效毛叶苕子品种(系)活化难溶性磷的能力较强,具有更高的磷素积累量和磷肥利用率。其主要通过增加有机酸(主要是草酸)含量、磷酸酶活性、phoC和phoD基因丰度活化难溶性磷,提高土壤中活性磷�Hairy vetch(Vicia villosa)is one of China’s most important fertilizer and forage dual-purpose green manure crops.In this study,we investigated differences in phosphorus(P)acquisition and rhizosphere properties among different genotypes of hairy vetch to provide baseline knowledge about phosphorus utilization in hairy vetch.A pot experiment was carried out in Xining city,Qinghai Province,testing two factors:Hairy vetch cultivars and phosphate fertilizer types.Two P-efficient and two P-inefficient hairy vetch cultivars were screened in a field test.The phosphate fertilizers were calcium superphosphate and rock phosphate,and the control had no phosphate fertilizer added.We analyzed P uptake,soil P fractions,soil organic acid contents,root acid phosphatase(RACP)and soil acid and alkaline phosphatase activities(ACP and ALP),and the abundance of genes encoding soil acid and alkaline phosphatases(phoC and phoD)at the full-bloom stage of hairy vetch.The results showed that the ranges of total P-uptake and P-utilization rates of hairy vetch cultivars were 7.45-46.07 mg·pot^(-1) and 7.12%-22.49%,respectively.The total P-uptake and P-fertilizer utilization rates were significantly higher in P-efficient cultivars than in P-inefficient cultivars,by 0.91%-61.20% and 12.52%-60.25%,respectively.Compared with P-inefficient cultivars,P-efficient cultivars contained higher proportions of labile P and moderately labile P and lower proportions of stable P.The proportions of labile P and moderately labile P in P-efficient cultivars were 6.14-26.14 times higher and 1.04-1.54 times higher,respectively,than those in P-inefficient cultivars.The proportion of stable P was 2.92-7.91 times higher in P-inefficient cultivars than in P-efficient cultivars.Soil total organic acid and oxalic acid contents,and the activities of RACP,ACP,and ALP were significantly higher in P-efficient cultivars than in P-inefficient cultivars by 117.45%-254.60%,19.40%-50.75%,16.37%-146.40%,6.19%-104.19%,and 6.16%-35.06%,respectively.The abundance of phoC and ph

关 键 词：毛叶苕子品种(系) 土壤磷组分 有机酸 磷酸酶活性 磷酸酶基因 

分 类 号：S551[农业科学—作物学]