工程哲学视野下的崇祯改历  

Chongzhen Calendar Reform from the Perspective of Philosophy of Engineering

作　　者：刘皓垚 宋芝业[1] Liu Haoyao;Song Zhiye(Institute for the History of Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Huhehot 010000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学科学技术史研究院,呼和浩特010000

出　　处：《工程研究（跨学科视野中的工程）》2024年第2期189-198,共10页JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING STUDIES

基　　金：内蒙古师范大学一流学科建设专项资金项目(3201002201);内蒙古自治区哲学社会科学规划项目(2016NDB074)。

摘　　要：为进一步加深对中国传统科学技术活动的认识和理解,探索工程哲学和科技史研究的结合点,本研究以明末的崇祯改历为切入点和研究对象,采用去中心化的立场和案例分析的方法,按照工程哲学“计划、实施、用物”的框架重新建构了崇祯改历的历史,并在组织和梳理史料的过程中揭示出:无论是在改历的古今路线和中西路线确立的时候,还是二者磋商的时候,都隐藏着工程实践的机会性特征。How to understand and realize the science and technology in ancient China is a crucial academic problem yet not fully solved.Out of the facts that the focus of the philosophy of science on the theoretical premise and the philosophy of technology on the autonomy of technology,we find it difficult to coordinate with the situation that there is a lack of relatively independent space for rational science in ancient China.This paper attempts to rewrite and re-understand the ancient activities of science and technology in China from the perspective of philosophy of engineering.Chinese scholars including Li Bocong founded the Chinese school in philosophy of engineering,proposing three stages of engineering activities,which consist of project,implementation and application of outcomes.The Chongzhen Calendar Reform for the purpose of meeting the needs of the country can be divided into three parts as well:the gestation period of the plan,the implementation period as well as the result of the project and its impact.With the combing of relevant historical materials,the paper proposes that Chongzhen Calendar Reform has gone through three main processes.The first point was that two technical routes of Calendar Reform competed and were selected,and the finally Western Method route won.The main reason was the death of the rivals,leading to the disappearance of competitions,rather than that West Method itself really was recognized by everyone.But this has also caused that the Calendar Reform crossed the stage of whether to reform calendar or not to do.And Xu Guangqi's plan on Calendar Reform became dominant.Additionally,in order to promote the implementation of the Xu's plan,the government has formed a community of engineering with considerable heterogeneity.From the outset,the term Liju was synonymous with the engineering community,which included politicians,engineers,scientists,professional technicians,workers and logisticians.But in fact,the boundary of components of the engineering community extended beyond the previous bure

关 键 词：崇祯历书 世界4 机会性 综合创新 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] P194.3[天文地球—天文学]