有机垃圾堆肥处理设施冬夏两季恶臭污染物排放特征评估  

Assessment on Odor Pollutants Emission Characteristics of Organic Waste Composting Treatment Facilities in Winter and Summer

作　　者：李海青 任晓灵 李剑颖 孙宇 付春雨 蔡晓博 Li Haiqing;Ren Xiaoling;Li Jianying;Sun Yu;Fu Chunyu;Cai Xiaobo(Beijing Municipal Institute of City Management,Beijing 100028,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Detection Analysis and Evaluation,Beijing 100028,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市城市管理研究院,北京100028 [2]生活垃圾检测分析与评价北京市重点实验室,北京100028

出　　处：《环境影响评价》2024年第2期56-61,68,共7页Environmental Impact Assessment

摘　　要：有机厨余垃圾堆肥过程中产生的恶臭污染已成为公众关注的主要环境问题之一。以典型的好氧堆肥工艺作为研究对象,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析了冬季和夏季堆肥处理设施各工艺单元产生的恶臭化合物种类及其排放浓度,并对不同堆肥阶段关键恶臭污染物进行了分析。结果表明:冬夏两季堆肥过程中分别检测到53种和62种挥发性有机物,冬季和夏季发酵单元恶臭物质最高浓度分别为(56.29±3.69)mg/m^(3)和(59.74±4.17)mg/m^(3),理论臭气浓度OUT分别为976.3和1234.1;腐熟单元恶臭浓度分别为(26.41±2.13)mg/m^(3)和(30.36±3.51)mg/m^(3),理论臭气浓度OU_(T)分别为1173.7和834.8。利用阈稀释倍数以及综合评分计算法,初步判定好氧堆肥工艺优先控制污染物为甲硫醚、二甲二硫醚、丙酮、乙酸、乙酸乙酯、甲苯和二甲苯7种物质。厨余垃圾堆肥过程中应主要对发酵和腐熟单元重点进行恶臭物质的监测和污染控制。Odor pollution from organic kitchen waste composting has become one of the major environmental problems of public concern.Taking the typical aerobic composting process as the research object,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to analyze the types and emission concentrations of odorous compounds produced by each process unit of composting facilities in winter and summer,and the key odorous pollutants in different composting stages were detected.The results showed that 53 and 62 kinds of volatile organic compounds were detected respectively during composting of kitchen waste in winter and summer,the maximum concentration of fermentation unit was(56.29±3.69)mg∕m^(3)and(59.74±4.17)mg∕m^(3)in winter and summer;the theoretical odor concentration OUT were 976.3 and 1234.1 respectively.The odor concentration of the decomposed unit was(26.41±2.13)mg∕m^(3)and(30.36±3.51)mg∕m^(3);the theoretical odor concentration OU_(T)were 1173.7 and 834.8 respectively.Combined with the threshold dilution multiple and comprehensive score calculation,the key pollutants of aerobic composting process were methyl sulfide,dimethyl disulfide,acetone,acetic acid,ethyl acetate,toluene and xylene.In the process of kitchen waste composting,the main focus should be on monitoring and controlling the odorous substances in the fermentation and maturation units.

关 键 词：厨余垃圾 堆肥 恶臭物质 理论臭气浓度 排放浓度 

分 类 号：X512[环境科学与工程—环境工程]