汉唐西北地区基层行政的帝制化  

The Imperialization of the Local Level Administration in Northwest China during the Han and Tang Dynasties

作　　者：刘再聪[1,2,3] 魏铎 Liu Zaicong;Wei Duo(School of History and Culture,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou,Gansu,730070,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学历史文化学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]西北师范大学河西走廊研究院 [3]中国历史研究院田澍工作室

出　　处：《古代文明（中英文）》2024年第2期89-96,M0005,M0006,共10页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“唐朝‘村’制度与中国古代基层行政制度‘西进化’历程研究”(项目批号:21ZD129)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：秦汉时期,中国完全进入帝制社会。帝制社会体现在很多方面,基层行政组织也不例外。近代以来,甘肃、新疆、青海、内蒙古西部等西北地区发现了大量秦汉至唐宋时期的文献资料。这些出土文书内容丰富,资料原始性强,其中大量有关县以下基层行政组织的记载,是研究秦汉以来乡、里、村、坊等基层行政制度实施与推行的珍贵史料,是西北地区逐步进入帝制社会曲折历程的历史见证。西汉武帝时期,在推行郡县制的同时,内地实施的乡里制也推行于河西走廊地区。十六国北朝时期,汉以来的以西乡、东乡、北乡、都乡等为代表的方位名乡制及里的建制在河西走廊地区以及吐鲁番地区得以沿袭和实施,地方行政体系排列顺序基本上是郡—县—乡—里。唐朝时期,内地基层行政制度推行于更向西的以羁縻州制为主的西域地区。与县以上体制多变比较,西域地区的基层行政体系更具有稳定性。总体而言,随着唐的基层行政制度在西域地区的全方位推行,西北地区最终完成了帝制社会化历程。There are plentiful written documents dated to Qin to Tang period discovered in Gansu,Xinjiang,Qinghai,and the west of Inner Mongolia.Many of them contain materials concerning governmental administration in local and rural level.According to these materials,in the period of Emperor Wu of the West Han Dynasty,the prefecture-county system was introduced to the above-mentioned areas.Meanwhile,the township system was introduced to Hexi Corridor area.During the Sixteen Kingdoms and Northern Dynasty period,the azimuth-oriented town name system and the li(里)system were implemented in Hexi Corridor and Turpan areas.During the Tang Dynasty,the same local and rural administrative system was implemented further westward to the so called Xiyu(西域)area.The local and rural governmental administrative systems were more stable in comparison to the higher level systems in Xiyu area.Generally speaking,by the Tang Dynasty,the imperial administrative system had fully penetrated to local and rural level in the northwest part of China.

关 键 词：基层行政制度 帝制社会 出土文献 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学] D691[历史地理—中国史]